what is the basis for naming the layers of the atmosphere and who named them
I found this. It isn't exactly what you wanted but I think it will get you started. http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/feb99/917224929.Es.r.html
To understand the basis for naming the layers of the atmosphere, it is important to know that the atmosphere is divided into five main layers based on their temperature and composition. These layers are named: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The naming of these layers can be attributed to scientific study and the understanding of the Earth's atmosphere.
The troposphere is the lowest layer and extends from the Earth's surface up to an average altitude of about 8-15 kilometers, depending on the latitude. This is where weather and everyday conditions occur, such as clouds, rain, and winds. The name "troposphere" comes from the Greek word "tropos," which means "turning" or "mixing," referring to the mixing of air that occurs in this layer.
Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere, extending from the top of the troposphere up to about 50 kilometers. It is named after the Latin word "stratum," meaning "layer." The stratosphere is characterized by the presence of the ozone layer, which absorbs the majority of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Beyond the stratosphere is the mesosphere, which extends from the top of the stratosphere up to about 85 kilometers. The name "mesosphere" comes from the Greek word "mesos," meaning "middle." It is the layer where meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere.
Above the mesosphere is the thermosphere, which extends from about 85 kilometers to about 600 kilometers. The name "thermosphere" is derived from the Greek word "thermos," meaning "hot." Despite the name, the thermosphere is actually very cold due to its extremely low density. It is characterized by the absorption of high-energy solar radiation, causing the increase in temperature with altitude.
The outermost layer of the atmosphere is the exosphere, which extends from the top of the thermosphere outward into space. The name "exosphere" comes from the Greek word "exō," meaning "outside." The exosphere is characterized by extremely low densities and represents the transition zone between Earth's atmosphere and outer space.
The naming of these layers can be attributed to various scientists and researchers who have contributed to the understanding of Earth's atmosphere throughout history. However, it is important to note that the exact individuals who named each layer may not be explicitly known, as the naming process is often a collaborative effort within the scientific community.