1. This year he has learned Chinese.

(Does this sentence mean that he is learning Chinese now? Or does this sentence mean that he learned Chinese for some period, but he is not learning Chinese? Does this sentence mean continuous action or the result of the past action?)

2. This year he has been learning English.
(This mean that he started learning English and he is learning English now. Am I right?)

1. Has learned Chinese means the learning is in the past, it is not in the present.

2. correct.

1. The sentence "This year he has learned Chinese" typically implies that he has completed the process of learning Chinese this year and has acquired the knowledge of the language. It generally suggests the result of a past action rather than ongoing or continuous learning. So, it does not necessarily indicate that he is currently learning Chinese.

2. On the other hand, the sentence "This year he has been learning English" indicates ongoing or continuous action. It suggests that he started learning English at some point during this year and is still in the process of learning it. So, your understanding is correct - it means that he started learning English and is currently still learning it.