Select all cases in which the attraction between units in the solid can best be classified as individual atom induced dipole forces.
Y2O3
NH3
H2S
ZnBr2
Cu
KrF4
None
I honestly do not know what to do. I know dipole dipole is positive and negative but this question I don't get. Can somebody help?
To determine the cases in which the attraction between units in the solid can best be classified as individual atom-induced dipole forces, you need to consider the nature of the molecules or atoms in each compound.
First, let's recall what individual atom-induced dipole forces are. These forces occur when the electron distribution around an atom is temporarily distorted, inducing a dipole in the neighboring atom.
Now, let's analyze each compound:
1. Y2O3: Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) is an ionic compound composed of Y3+ cations and O2- anions. In ionic compounds, the attraction is mainly due to the electrostatic force between opposite charges, not individual atom-induced dipole forces. So, we can exclude this compound.
2. NH3: Ammonia (NH3) is a polar molecule. It has a central nitrogen atom with three hydrogen atoms bonded to it. The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons, making it attract nearby positive charges. This attraction can be best described as individual atom-induced dipole forces. So, include this compound.
3. H2S: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a polar molecule similar to ammonia. The sulfur atom in H2S also has a lone pair of electrons, which can induce temporary dipoles in neighboring atoms. Thus, include this compound as well.
4. ZnBr2: Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) is an ionic compound composed of zinc cations (Zn2+) and bromide anions (Br-). Similar to Y2O3, the main intermolecular forces in ionic compounds are electrostatic, not individual atom-induced dipole forces. Exclude this compound.
5. Cu: Copper (Cu) is a metallic element. Metals typically have metallic bonding, where positive metal ions are surrounded by a "sea" of delocalized electrons. The attractive forces between these positive ions and the delocalized electrons are metallic bonds. Exclude this compound.
6. KrF4: Krypton tetrafluoride (KrF4) is a nonpolar molecule. It doesn't have any atoms with significantly greater electron-attracting properties, so there won't be any individual atom-induced dipole forces. Exclude this compound.
Based on the above analysis, the compounds NH3 and H2S can be classified as having attraction between units in the solid that can best be described as individual atom-induced dipole forces. Therefore, the correct answer is:
- NH3
- H2S