what are some acheivements on islamic scientists,astronomers, geographers and mathematications?
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Read widely!
This is a very odd, and to me, a disgusting question. You may relay that to your teacher.
What does religion have to do with scientific achievement?
Would the question be fair if one substituted "Christian", "Baptist", "Roman Catholic", "Atheist", "Wicca", " Devil Worshiping", "Evangelistic", or "Fundamentalist", or "Scientology"?
Crediting scientific achievements to ones religion is nonsense. Surely you know this. Yes, I recognize each of those religions "claim" discoveries of individuals based on their religion including Islamics, but this is no reason for educators to perpetuate these divisions. Here is an example, ethno-centrism at its best: http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/sciencehistory.htm My point is, does any person actually believe these great discoveries were the result of those folks religion? I hope not.
We have enough strife in the world as it is, creating artificial divisions in science and math is to me, over the limit, and should not be tolerated in education. We are a multicultural world, and have to stop creating these boundaries of us and them.
Islamic scientists, astronomers, geographers, and mathematicians made significant contributions to human knowledge during the Islamic Golden Age, which spanned from the 8th to the 14th centuries. Here are some notable achievements in each field:
1. Scientists:
- Al-Razi (Rhazes): Known as the father of Islamic medicine, he classified diseases and wrote the "Kitab al-Hawi," a comprehensive medical encyclopedia.
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna): Wrote the "Canon of Medicine," a groundbreaking medical encyclopedia that influenced medical education in Europe for centuries.
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen): Pioneered the scientific method and contributed to many disciplines, including physics, optics, and mathematics.
- Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber): Known as the father of chemistry, he developed many chemical processes and contributed significantly to alchemy.
2. Astronomers:
- Al-Battani (Albategnius): Accurately determined the length of the solar year, studied eclipses, and improved the astrolabe, a device for measuring the position of celestial objects.
- Ibn Yunus: Developed precise astronomical instruments, made observations of planetary movements, and compiled astronomical tables.
- Al-Biruni: Measured the circumference of the Earth and wrote the "Canon Masudicus," an astronomical encyclopedia.
3. Geographers:
- Al-Idrisi: Created the Tabula Rogeriana, a world map considered one of the most accurate of its time, and penned the "Book of Roger" describing his geographic knowledge.
- Ibn Battuta: Traveled extensively and documented his observations, producing the renowned travelogue "Rihla."
- Al-Masudi: Produced the "Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems," an extensive geographical and historical work.
4. Mathematicians:
- Al-Khwarizmi: Introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to the Islamic world, developed algebra, and wrote the book "Al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing).
- Omar Khayyam: Known for his work on algebra, geometry, and the development of accurate Persian astronomical tables.
- Al-Kindi: Made significant contributions to arithmetic, cryptography, and music theory.
To learn more about these achievements and the contributions of Islamic scientists, astronomers, geographers, and mathematicians, you can explore books, articles, and documentaries specifically focused on the Islamic Golden Age. Many online resources are available that provide extensive details and references for further study.