In a measurement of precipitation (rainfall), a raingauge with an orifice (collector) area of 30.50 in2 collects 1.30 litres of water over a period of 26 minutes and 45 seconds.
Calculate:
a. The depth (amount) of rain that fell (in mm).
b. The intensity (mm h-1) at which the rain fell.
c. The volume (m3) of water that would have fallen on an area of 7.00 acres.
d. The discharge in m3 s-1 that would occur if all the water ran off the area in part c. in 3.00 hours.
e. If American gasoline is US$4.00 gallon-1, how much is that in CAN$ L-1?
To calculate the answers to these questions, we need to use various formulas and conversion factors. Let's go through each question step by step.
a. The depth (amount) of rain that fell (in mm):
First, we need to convert the collected volume from liters to cubic inches since we have the orifice area in square inches.
1 liter = 61.0237 cubic inches.
So, the volume of water collected in cubic inches = 1.30 liters * 61.0237 cubic inches per liter.
Next, we need to calculate the depth of rain in inches.
Depth in inches = Volume in cubic inches / Orifice area in square inches.
Depth in inches = (1.30 liters * 61.0237 cubic inches per liter) / 30.50 square inches.
Now, we can convert the depth from inches to millimeters.
1 inch = 25.4 millimeters.
Depth in mm = Depth in inches * 25.4 mm per inch.
Using these conversions, you should be able to calculate the depth of rain that fell.
b. The intensity (mm h-1) at which the rain fell:
To calculate the intensity, we need to convert the time from minutes and seconds to hours.
Total time in hours = 26 minutes and 45 seconds / 60 minutes per hour.
Next, we divide the depth of rain in mm (calculated in part a) by the total time in hours to obtain the intensity in mm per hour.
Intensity (mm h-1) = Depth in mm / Total time in hours.
c. The volume (m3) of water that would have fallen on an area of 7.00 acres:
To convert acres to square meters, we use the conversion factor of 1 acre = 4046.86 square meters.
Area in square meters = 7.00 acres * 4046.86 square meters per acre.
Now, we can convert the volume from cubic inches to cubic meters using the conversion factor of 1 cubic inch = 0.0000163871 cubic meters.
Volume in cubic meters = Volume in cubic inches * 0.0000163871 cubic meters per cubic inch.
Using these conversions, you should be able to calculate the volume of water that would have fallen on the given area.
d. The discharge in m3 s-1 that would occur if all the water ran off the area in part c. in 3.00 hours:
To calculate the discharge, we divide the volume in cubic meters (calculated in part c) by the time in seconds.
Time in seconds = 3.00 hours * 60 minutes per hour * 60 seconds per minute.
Discharge in m3 s-1 = Volume in cubic meters / Time in seconds.
e. If American gasoline is US$4.00 gallon-1, how much is that in CAN$ L-1:
To convert from US dollars per gallon to Canadian dollars per liter, we need to consider the exchange rate and the conversion factors.
First, let's assume the exchange rate is 1 US dollar = 1.25 Canadian dollars.
Next, we need to convert gallons to liters and dollars to Canadian dollars.
1 gallon = 3.78541 liters.
Therefore, the price in Canadian dollars per liter = (4.00 US dollars per gallon) * (1.25 Canadian dollars per US dollar) / (3.78541 liters per gallon).
Using these conversions, you should be able to calculate the price in Canadian dollars per liter.