Are these correctly punctuated, spaced and capitalized?

The patient--in a fit of anger--thrust his hand through a sliding glass door.

The twins were a lot alike; they both ate too much.

On May 30, he suffered a stroke, although he did not realize it; thankfully, he finally saw a doctor on June 2, or else he probably would have had another stroke.

Correctly punctuated greeting for a business letter?
Dear Dr. Jones,

He was prescribed; Carafate 1 g 4 times daily, 40 minutes after each meal, Reglan 5 mg at bedtime, aspirin p.r.n.

The patient -- in a fit of anger -- thrust his hand through a sliding glass door. It's correct as is, but a space before and after each dash usually sets it off better, makes each dash look like a dash instead of a double-hyphen!

The twins were a lot alike; they both ate too much. OK

On May 30, he suffered a stroke, although he did not realize it; thankfully, he finally saw a doctor on June 2, or else he probably would have had another stroke. No comma needed before "although" since it's introducing a dependent clause.

Correctly punctuated greeting for a business letter?
Dear Dr. Jones, Colon needed, not a comma.

He was prescribed; Carafate 1 g 4 times daily, 40 minutes after each meal, Reglan 5 mg at bedtime, aspirin p.r.n.
Delete the semicolon; there should be no punctuation at all there. The other commas look correct.

For got to indent on the letter part.

Dear Dr. Jones is not indented, but is flush with the left margin.

Yes, all of the provided sentences appear to be correctly punctuated, spaced, and capitalized.

1. The patient--in a fit of anger--thrust his hand through a sliding glass door.
This sentence uses an em dash to set off an explanatory phrase, properly spaced and capitalized.

2. The twins were a lot alike; they both ate too much.
This sentence correctly uses a semicolon to join two related independent clauses.

3. On May 30, he suffered a stroke, although he did not realize it; thankfully, he finally saw a doctor on June 2, or else he probably would have had another stroke.
This sentence contains proper punctuation for the use of commas, a semicolon, and the coordinating conjunction "or."

Regarding the correctly punctuated greeting for a business letter, it appears that the provided sentence is not a greeting but rather a prescription list. However, a correctly punctuated greeting for a business letter would typically be:
Dear Dr. Jones,