Which of the following samples will react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.200 M LiOH
10.0ML of 0.100 M HCL
10.0mL of 0.200 M H2SO4
10.0mL of 0.100 M HNO3
20.0mL of 0.200 M H3PO4
20.0mL of 0.100 M HBr
How do I do this problem??
To determine which of the following samples will react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.200 M LiOH, you need to calculate the number of moles of each substance and compare it to the stoichiometric ratio of the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between LiOH and the acid.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between LiOH and an acid can be written as follows:
LiOH + Acid → LiSalt + H2O
To solve this problem step-by-step, follow these calculations:
1. Calculate the number of moles of LiOH:
Moles of LiOH = volume of LiOH solution (L) × molarity of LiOH (mol/L)
Moles of LiOH = 0.020 L × 0.200 mol/L
2. Calculate the number of moles of each acid sample:
Moles of acid = volume of acid solution (L) × molarity of acid (mol/L)
Moles of HCl = 0.010 L × 0.100 mol/L
Moles of H2SO4 = 0.010 L × 0.200 mol/L
Moles of HNO3 = 0.010 L × 0.100 mol/L
Moles of H3PO4 = 0.020 L × 0.200 mol/L
Moles of HBr = 0.020 L × 0.100 mol/L
3. Calculate the stoichiometric ratio of LiOH to acid in the balanced chemical equation.
For example, if the balanced chemical equation is 2LiOH + HCl → 2LiCl + H2O, the stoichiometric ratio of LiOH to HCl is 2:1.
4. Compare the number of moles of LiOH to the number of moles of each acid using the stoichiometric ratio.
If the number of moles of acid exceeds the number of moles of LiOH, the acid will be in excess and will not react completely.
If the number of moles of acid is less than or equal to the number of moles of LiOH, the acid will react completely.
Now, use the given data and follow the calculations to determine which of the acid samples will react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.200 M LiOH.
To determine which of the given samples will react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.200 M LiOH, we need to calculate the amount of moles of each acid and compare them to the amount of moles of LiOH.
Let's go step by step:
1. Calculate the number of moles of LiOH:
The concentration (0.200 M) gives us the number of moles per liter. Since we have 20.0 mL (0.020 L) of LiOH, we can calculate the number of moles using the formula:
moles = concentration * volume
moles of LiOH = 0.200 M * 0.020 L
2. Calculate the number of moles of each acid:
Using the same method as above, we can calculate the moles for each acid:
- HCl: moles = 0.100 M * 0.010 L
- H2SO4: moles = 0.200 M * 0.010 L
- HNO3: moles = 0.100 M * 0.010 L
- H3PO4: moles = 0.200 M * 0.020 L
- HBr: moles = 0.100 M * 0.020 L
3. Compare the moles:
Compare the moles of each acid with the moles of LiOH. If the number of moles of the acid is equal to or greater than the number of moles of LiOH, then that acid will react completely.
By comparing the moles of each acid with the moles of LiOH, you can determine which of the given samples will react completely.