make a list of the measures that Charles I used to avoid calling parliament. Beside each entry, expalin which classes of society would be the angriest about these measures and why.
please help
We'll be glad to critique your answers.
This site may help you.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
can you please tell me in which section i will find the list of measures
During his reign, Charles I used several measures in order to avoid calling parliament. These measures were aimed at consolidating his power and avoiding any interference from the parliament. Here is a list of some of these measures, along with an explanation of which classes of society would be the angriest about them and why:
1. Personal Rule: Charles I ruled for a period of eleven years (from 1629 to 1640) without calling parliament, a period known as the Personal Rule. This was achieved through various means, such as the collection of a customs duty called ship money and the imposition of fines on those who refused to pay. The gentry and the upper-middle class were particularly angered by this measure, as they believed it violated their rights to have representation and a say in government decisions.
2. Forced Loans: Charles I resorted to imposing forced loans, which were essentially arbitrary taxes levied on certain individuals without parliamentary approval. These loans were often imposed on wealthy individuals, including landowners and merchants. The merchant and commercial classes would have been strongly averse to forced loans, given that these additional financial burdens hindered their ability to invest and grow their businesses.
3. The Court of Star Chamber: The Court of Star Chamber was a powerful judicial body that Charles I used to suppress opposition and deliver harsh verdicts without a trial by jury. This court targeted the nobility, the gentry, and the middle classes who objected to the king's policies. The nobility and gentry class, in particular, resented this measure, as it undermined their legal rights and infringed upon their privileges.
4. The Laudian Reforms: Charles I appointed William Laud as the Archbishop of Canterbury, who implemented a series of reforms in the Church of England that were aimed at returning the church to more traditional Catholic practices. This move angered Puritans and the lower classes who favored a simpler form of worship and resented the increased ritualism associated with Laud's reforms.
5. Imposition of Martial Law: Charles I occasionally declared martial law to suppress dissent and assert his authority. This measure affected all sections of society, but it was particularly resented by those in the lower classes who were often the most directly impacted. Martial law allowed for harsh punishments and the curtailment of basic rights, leading to widespread anger and discontent among the masses.
It is important to note that the level of anger and opposition varied among different groups of people, and these measures collectively contributed to the growing resentment that eventually led to the English Civil War.