Is malonic acid polar or nonpolar? and does it hydrogen bond with water? with methyl alcohol? with hexane?
I keep getting different results and would like some help please with explanation.
So it's polar and H bonds with water and methyl alcohol, but not hexane?
Malonic acid (C3H4O4) is a polar molecule. Let's analyze its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds with water, methyl alcohol, and hexane.
1. Polarity of Malonic Acid:
To determine the polarity of a molecule, we need to consider the electronegativity values of the atoms involved and the molecular geometry.
Malonic acid contains multiple polar bonds due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H). The two oxygen atoms in malonic acid are more electronegative than carbon and result in the partial negative charge (-δ) on the oxygen atoms. This creates a region of electron density at the oxygen atoms.
Additionally, due to the presence of two carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, malonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. The two polar bonds in each carboxyl group contribute to a net dipole moment in malonic acid, making it a polar molecule. The presence of multiple polar bonds and the spatial arrangement of the molecule make malonic acid polar.
2. Hydrogen Bonding with Water:
Water (H2O) is a polar molecule that can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules or ions. In malonic acid, the oxygen atoms (O) act as hydrogen bond acceptors since they are partially negatively charged. Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atoms of malonic acid, resulting in hydrogen bonding between malonic acid and water.
3. Hydrogen Bonding with Methyl Alcohol (methanol):
Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) is also a polar molecule capable of hydrogen bonding. Similar to water, the oxygen atom in methyl alcohol acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Hence, hydrogen bonding can occur between malonic acid and methyl alcohol.
4. Hydrogen Bonding with Hexane:
Hexane (C6H14) is a nonpolar molecule. Nonpolar molecules do not have significant regions of positive or negative charge. Therefore, hydrogen bonding does not occur between malonic acid and hexane.
In summary, malonic acid is a polar molecule that can form hydrogen bonds with water and methyl alcohol due to the presence of polar bonds and its molecular structure. However, malonic acid cannot form hydrogen bonds with hexane as it is a nonpolar molecule.
To determine if malonic acid (C3H4O4) is polar or nonpolar, we need to consider the molecule's geometry and the polarity of its individual bonds.
First, let's examine the structure of malonic acid:
O
||
H3C-C-COOH
||
O
From the structure, we can see that malonic acid possesses polar bonds due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atoms. Additionally, the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group further increases the polarity of the molecule.
Now, whether malonic acid can hydrogen bond with water, methyl alcohol, and hexane can be determined by analyzing the presence of hydrogen bond acceptors and donors.
Water (H2O) can form hydrogen bonds due to its lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom acting as potential hydrogen bond acceptors (-O) and the hydrogen atoms acting as hydrogen bond donors (+H).
Methyl alcohol (methanol, CH3OH) also possesses a hydroxyl group (-OH) that can act as both a hydrogen bond acceptor and donor.
On the other hand, hexane (C6H14) does not possess any highly electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) that can act as hydrogen bond acceptors or donors. Therefore, hexane cannot form hydrogen bonds.
Based on this information:
- Malonic acid is polar due to the presence of polar bonds and the hydroxyl group (-OH).
- Malonic acid can form hydrogen bonds with water and methyl alcohol but not with hexane.
If you have been getting different results, please double-check your molecule's structure and consider the polar bonds and hydrogen bonding potential. It's possible that the discrepancies could arise from incorrect or different representation of the molecule.
First paragraph.
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Malonic_acid