How does a scientist choose which type of investigation to use?
Generally, a scientist considers which type of investigation will yield sufficient usable data to make a determination at the least cost in time and money.
Depending on the observations
A scientist chooses the type of investigation to use based on several factors, including the research question, the available resources, and the nature of the phenomenon being studied. Here's how a scientist typically goes about making this decision:
1. Identify the research question: The first step is to clearly define the research question. What specific aspect of the phenomenon do they want to investigate? This helps guide the selection of the appropriate investigation method.
2. Review existing literature: Before conducting any investigation, scientists often review existing literature to understand what is already known about the topic. This helps to identify the gaps in knowledge and potentially inspire ideas for investigation methods that have been successful in similar studies.
3. Consider feasibility: Scientists need to consider the available resources and constraints. This includes factors such as the budget, time, equipment, and expertise needed for each investigation type. Some methods may be more expensive or time-consuming than others, so the scientist must weigh these practical considerations.
4. Determine the study design: Based on the research question and feasibility, the scientist will select a study design. This could be experimental, observational, descriptive, or a combination of these approaches.
- Experimental study: In an experimental study, the scientist manipulates variables to determine their effect on the outcome. This may involve creating controlled conditions and assigning participants to different groups (e.g., control and experimental groups) to compare their responses. Experimental studies are often conducted in a laboratory setting.
- Observational study: In an observational study, the scientist simply observes and measures phenomena without intervening or manipulating variables. This approach is suitable when manipulating variables is not feasible or ethical. Observational studies can be conducted in natural settings or in a controlled environment, depending on the research question.
- Descriptive study: In a descriptive study, the scientist aims to describe and characterize a particular phenomenon or group of individuals without manipulating variables or observing cause-and-effect relationships. This approach is useful for collecting information about existing conditions or characteristics.
5. Consider ethical considerations: Scientists must also take into account any ethical considerations associated with the chosen investigation method. This includes obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring participant confidentiality, and minimizing any potential harm or discomfort.
By carefully considering the research question, available resources, feasibility, and ethical implications, scientists can choose the most appropriate investigation method to address their scientific inquiries.