You have been asked to complete a screening-level risk assessment in order to compare routes of chemicals exposure and to determine whether the chemical exposure poses a potential health risk.
The receptor is a 70 kg man who has worked 8 hours per day as an auto mechanic for 25 years. The chemical of concerns is benzene that is a proven carcinogen and is a constituent of gasoline as well as automobile exhaust gas.
Calculate Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for the two following routes of exposure given the information listed below (8 points):
Inhalation with an air concentration of 12.8g/m3 at all times of the day for 25 years (this is the highest mean concentration measured in the City of Toronto)
Skin transfer through the grease that covers his hands during work time (occupational exposure).
Discuss briefly: through which medium does the receptor receive his/her greatest exposure? Explain why? (2 points)
Calculate the Relative Margin of Safety (RMOS). (7 points)
Discuss your results (is the RMOS “OK” or not, provide references to support your findings)
(3 points).
Assume that the concentration of benzene in the grease layer on hands is in equilibrium with the air concentration.
DATA:
Equation for exposure due to inhalation, EDIair (g/kg body weight /day):
EDIair = (IR x C x B x EF x ED)/BW x AT
Where:
IR (inhalation intake rate): 0.96m3/h
C (concentration of benzene in air): 12.8g/m3
B (bioavailability factor): 1 (100% for all compartments)
EF (occupational exposure frequency): 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, 50 weeks per year
ED (exposure duration): 25 years
BW (body weight): 70 kg
AT (averaging time for a carcinogen): 70 years
sorry this is the continuation:
quation for exposure due to skin transfer, EDIskin (g/kg body weight /day):
EDIskin = (C x P x SA x B x EF x ED)/BW x AT
Where :
C (chemical concentration): 12.8g/m3
P (permeability constant): 0.0011m/h
SA (skin surface area): 0.091m2 for hands only
B (bioavailability factor): 1 (100% for all compartments)
EF (occupational exposure frequency): 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, 50 weeks per year
ED (exposure duration): 25 years
BW (body weight): 70 kg
AT (averaging time for a carcinogen): 70 years
Equation for the RMOS (Calculate the Relative Margin of Safety):
RMOS= EDI total/RsD
Where:
EDI total (Total Estimated Daily Intake from all routes of exposure) = EDI skin + EDI air
RsD (Risk Specific Dose)
Equation for the RsD:
RsD=R /Sf
Where:
R (acceptable risk): 10 -5
Sf (Slope factor for benzene): 29 (g/kg body weight day) -1
is the answer for inhilation 125.28?
tsk tsk tsk, the answer for this question is simple:
1.Refer to class lecture 9 slides posted online on the intranet.
2.attend lectures or watch them online if you cannot make it.
3.attend TA office hours which are held every day of the week.
**This assignment is to be completed on your own or with help from your friends/TA's, please do not expect to copy your answers off others.
Thank you
AT (averaging time for a carcinogen): 70 years
AT SHOULD STAND FOR DAYS
SO AT = 70 X 365
a= 1.g/kg/day
aii= 1.5g/kg/day +.0000273g/kg/day
To calculate the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for the two routes of exposure, we will use the equation provided for inhalation and skin transfer.
1. Inhalation Route:
Using the equation for inhalation exposure, EDIair (g/kg body weight/day), we can calculate the EDI for benzene inhalation by the receptor.
EDIair = (IR x C x B x EF x ED) / (BW x AT)
Given values:
IR (inhalation intake rate) = 0.96 m3/h
C (concentration of benzene in air) = 12.8 g/m3
B (bioavailability factor) = 1
EF (occupational exposure frequency) = 8 hours/day x 5 days/week x 50 weeks/year = 2000 hours/year
ED (exposure duration) = 25 years
BW (body weight) = 70 kg
AT (averaging time for a carcinogen) = 70 years
Plugging in the values:
EDIair = (0.96 m3/h x 12.8 g/m3 x 1 x 2000 hours/year x 25 years) / (70 kg x 70 years)
2. Skin Transfer Route:
Assuming that the concentration of benzene in the grease layer on hands is in equilibrium with the air concentration, we can use the same C value of 12.8 g/m3 for skin transfer. The equation for skin transfer exposure, EDIskin (g/kg body weight/day), is calculated as follows:
EDIskin = (CF x C x SA x AF x EF x ED)/(BW x AT)
Given values:
CF (conversion factor) = 1 (since the concentration is in g/m3)
C (concentration of benzene in air) = 12.8 g/m3
SA (surface area of hands) = Assume an average surface area of hands is 0.18 m2
AF (absorption factor) = Assume an average absorption factor of 1 (100%)
EF (occupational exposure frequency) = 8 hours/day x 5 days/week x 50 weeks/year = 2000 hours/year
ED (exposure duration) = 25 years
BW (body weight) = 70 kg
AT (averaging time for a carcinogen) = 70 years
Plugging in the values:
EDIskin = (1 x 12.8 g/m3 x 0.18 m2 x 1 x 2000 hours/year x 25 years) / (70 kg x 70 years)
To determine which medium (inhalation or skin transfer) results in the greatest exposure, we can compare the values of EDIair and EDIskin. The higher EDI value indicates a higher exposure level.
Now, let's calculate the Relative Margin of Safety (RMOS). The RMOS helps assess the potential health risk by comparing the exposure level to the acceptable levels or reference dose for benzene.
To calculate RMOS, we need the reference dose for benzene. Assuming a reference dose of RfD=0.0085 mg/kg/day for benzene, we can use the following equation:
RMOS = RfD / EDI
Given values:
RfD (reference dose) = 0.0085 mg/kg/day
EDI (estimated daily intake) = we will use the higher value among EDIair and EDIskin.
After calculating the RMOS, we can discuss the results and determine if the RMOS is within an acceptable range, emphasizing any supporting references.