what are the seven ways to portary depth or distance on a 2-d surface?
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=portray+depth+distance+on+2d+surface&btnG=Search&aq=f&oq=&aqi=
Most of these links seem to be referring to maps, but the ideas can apply to other types of drawings, too.
Here is an article that might be helpful.
http://www.members.cox.net/dagershaw/lol/VisualDepth1.html
However, it doesn't even cover linear perspective.
I hope this helps a little more. Thanks for asking.
To portray depth or distance on a 2D surface, there are several techniques and principles that artists often use. Here are seven common methods:
1. Overlapping: When one object overlaps another, it creates a sense of depth. To portray distance, position larger objects in front of smaller ones.
2. Size and Scale: Objects that are closer appear larger, while objects in the distance appear smaller. By varying the size of objects, you can create a perception of depth.
3. Placement on the Picture Plane: Objects placed higher on the picture plane usually appear farther away, while objects placed lower tend to appear closer.
4. Linear Perspective: This technique involves using converging lines to create depth. Objects that are located farther away will have lines that seem to converge towards a vanishing point.
5. Aerial Perspective: Also known as atmospheric perspective, it uses changes in color, value, and detail to create the illusion of distance. Objects that are further away tend to have lighter values, less saturation, and less detail.
6. Overlapping Values: By gradually changing the values of objects, from light to dark or vice versa, you can suggest a sense of depth and volume.
7. Foreshortening: This technique involves the distortion of forms to convey the illusion of objects receding into the distance. Foreshortening is often used to depict objects viewed at extreme angles.
These techniques can be combined and used together to create a more convincing sense of depth in a 2D artwork. Practice and experimentation will help you develop your skills in portraying depth effectively.