What makes up the scientific name of an organism? Why is it important to use scientific names rather than common names?
This site has an excellent explanation.
http://herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/FunFacts/Name_Game.html
The scientific name of an organism is composed of two parts: the genus and the species name. This naming system is known as binomial nomenclature and was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. The genus refers to a group of closely related species, while the species name distinguishes a particular organism within that genus.
Using scientific names instead of common names is important for several reasons:
1. Universal Understanding: Common names of organisms can vary from one language to another or from one region to another. This can create confusion when discussing or studying organisms on a global scale. Scientific names, being internationally recognized, provide a common language for scientists and researchers worldwide.
2. Precision and Specificity: Scientific names give precise and specific information about an organism. Common names often lack this specificity and can sometimes apply to multiple organisms. For instance, a "blackbird" can refer to different species in different parts of the world, while the scientific name Turdus merula refers exclusively to the common blackbird.
3. Clarity and Avoidance of Ambiguity: Organisms may have several common names, which can lead to confusion and miscommunication. For example, the Atlantic salmon is also known as "Salmo salar" in its scientific name. By using and referring to the scientific name, we can avoid ambiguity and ensure everyone is discussing the same organism.
4. Taxonomic Information: Scientific names convey information about the evolutionary relationships and classification of organisms. The genus denotes a broader group of related species, while the species name provides specific identification. This taxonomic information helps scientists organize and categorize organisms according to their evolutionary history.
To find the scientific name of an organism, one can refer to scientific literature, field guides, or online databases. There are well-established resources like the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) or the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) that provide reliable and up-to-date information about scientific names.