Classify each of the follwing by the type of solid(molecular, ionic, metallic, covalent network)it will form:
a) Na
b) Fe
c) SiO2
d) H2O
E) KF
The result that I got are :
a) Na (ionic solid)
b) Fe (metalic solid)
c) SiO2 (covalent network)
d) H2O covalent network))
E) KF (molecular solid)
Please help
Your results are mostly correct, but there is a small error in the classification for compound d) H2O. Here is the correct classification for each compound:
a) Na - Ionic solid
b) Fe - Metallic solid
c) SiO2 - Covalent network solid
d) H2O - Molecular solid
e) KF - Ionic solid
Na (sodium) forms an ionic solid because it donates an electron to become a positively charged ion Na+.
Fe (iron) forms a metallic solid because it has a delocalized sea of electrons that allows for easy movement of charge.
SiO2 (silicon dioxide) forms a covalent network solid because it consists of a three-dimensional network of covalent bonds formed between silicon and oxygen atoms.
H2O (water) forms a molecular solid because its molecules are held together by intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding.
KF (potassium fluoride) forms an ionic solid because the potassium ion (K+) donates an electron to the fluoride ion (F-) to form ionic bonds.
To determine the type of solid that each substance will form, we need to consider the nature of the bonding present in the compound.
a) Sodium (Na) - Sodium is a metal, and metals typically form metallic solids. Metallic solids are made up of positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons, which are responsible for the characteristic properties of metals like conductivity and malleability. Therefore, Na will form a metallic solid.
b) Iron (Fe) - Similarly to sodium, iron is also a metal and will form a metallic solid.
c) Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - SiO2 is an example of a covalent network solid. Covalent network solids are made up of a three-dimensional network of covalent bonds, where each atom is bonded to its nearest neighbors. In the case of SiO2, silicon atoms are bonded to four oxygen atoms, and each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms. This repeating network structure gives rise to the high melting point and hardness of covalent network solids, such as quartz.
d) Water (H2O) - Water is a covalent compound, which typically exists as a liquid under normal conditions rather than a solid. However, when water freezes, it forms a regular lattice of water molecules held together by hydrogen bonds. This lattice structure qualifies water as a covalent network solid in its solid form.
e) Potassium Fluoride (KF) - KF is an ionic compound comprising positively charged potassium ions (K+) and negatively charged fluoride ions (F-). Ionic compounds consist of a lattice of alternating cations and anions, held together by strong electrostatic forces. Therefore, KF will form an ionic solid.
Your categorization is mostly correct:
a) Na (ionic solid)
b) Fe (metallic solid)
c) SiO2 (covalent network)
d) H2O (covalent network in solid form, liquid in normal conditions)
e) KF (ionic solid)