1. Explain how aldehydes are distinguished from ketones.

My thought: Ketones contains a carbonyl group within a carbon chain. Unlike ketones, aldehydes contains a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain.This made aldehydes distinguished from ketones.

2. Water will not remove fingernail polish, yet acetone will. Explain how acetone works as a fingernail polish remover.
I had no ideas about that.

Thank you!

I would add a bit to your definitions in #1,.....at the end of the carbon chain as well as a hydrogen attached to the carbonyl group.

#2. Water is a very polar solvent and finger nail polish is mostly non-polar organic material. Therefore, water will not dissolve finger nail polish. Acetone, although slightly polar, contains two alkyl groups (CH3)2C=O [the two CH3 groups] that will dissolve organic materials.

1. To distinguish aldehydes from ketones, you can examine the position of the carbonyl group within the carbon chain. In ketones, the carbonyl group is located within the carbon chain, whereas in aldehydes, it is found at the end of the carbon chain. This difference in their structure allows us to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones.

2. Acetone works as a fingernail polish remover due to its solvent properties. Nail polish typically contains various pigments and resins that create the desired color and texture of the polish. These substances are often insoluble in water, making water ineffective for removing nail polish.

Acetone, on the other hand, is a strong solvent that can dissolve the pigments and resins in nail polish. It breaks down the chemical bonds within the polish, causing it to loosen and disintegrate. This makes it easy to wipe away the dissolved nail polish, leaving your nails clean. However, it is important to note that acetone can be drying to the nails and can strip away natural oils, so it's recommended to use it sparingly and moisturize your nails afterwards.