international trade slowed down as a result of
a. the Bonus Army's demands
b. the election of 1932
c. the Hawley-Smoot tariff
d. the Allies' payment of their war debts
C
Right.
The correct answer is c. the Hawley-Smoot tariff.
To arrive at this answer, we need to understand the various factors mentioned and their impact on international trade.
a. The Bonus Army's demands: The Bonus Army was a group of World War I veterans who demanded early payment of their bonuses. While their protests in 1932 did have social and political implications, they did not have a direct impact on international trade.
b. The election of 1932: The election of 1932 refers to the U.S. presidential election when Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President. While this election did bring about significant changes in U.S. economic policies, it did not directly slow down international trade.
c. The Hawley-Smoot tariff: The Hawley-Smoot tariff, also known as the Smoot-Hawley tariff, was passed in 1930 by the U.S. Congress. It raised import duties on a wide range of goods, making it more expensive for foreign countries to export their products to the United States. In response, many countries retaliated by implementing their own protective tariffs, leading to a decrease in international trade. Therefore, the Hawley-Smoot tariff played a significant role in slowing down international trade during that time.
d. The Allies' payment of their war debts: While the payment of war debts by the Allies (particularly by Germany) after World War I did impact international trade, it was not the primary reason for the slowdown in international trade during this period.
In conclusion, the correct answer is c. the Hawley-Smoot tariff. Its implementation led to a decrease in international trade due to higher import duties, which had a negative impact on global economic activity.