If I react CuSO4 (solid) with aqueous NaOH, I will get Cu(OH)2 solid. How do I write the ionic equation?
Yes. It is a little more complicated than that. Did you know this is one of the earlest synthesis reactions in chemistry, it was done over 5000 years ago to make blue pigments.
Solid copper sulfate is difficult to get, but copper sulfate pentahydrate is rather common, this is what you normally use. It matters not if it is solid or in solution, as you are adding it to a water solution of sodium hydroxide, and the copperII hydroxide precipates out...usually with significant amounts of sodium hydroxide precipating with it in the precipate. One can get a more purer form of copperII hydroxide by adding some ammonium chloride to the solution, the addition of which adds some chemistry beyond what you have studied so far. Good question.
Ionic equation: has to assume the ions are going into solution in the water solution...
Cu++ +(SO4)-- + 2Na+ 2(OH)->> 2Na+ + SO4-- + Cu(OH)2 (s)