There are 5 situations below. Can someone please match the situations up with the threat. These would be in a quasi-experimental design. The threats are history, maturation, mortality, testing, and instrumentation threat. THANK YOU!
A.Kindergarten students who were identified as having difficulty staying on-task were placed in a special class to avoid disrupting their more attentive peers. The special class included an intervention to improve attention span. After 6 months, students in the special class were performing no differently on measures of attention than their peers.
B.The local university starts a freshman orientation program to reduce binge-drinking. During their first semester, the campus police also begin ticketing and fining under-age students who are caught intoxicated while on campus.
C.A literacy intervention for adolescents is implemented in a local school district. The effectiveness of the program is assessed using a oral reading fluency test, which is administered by each student's homeroom teacher.
D.An intervention intended to improve performance on the state graduation test began with 150 participants who had failed the exam on the first try. Only 75 finished. The 75 finishers performed better on their second try on the exam.
E.The state correctional institution implements a Web-based counseling program for inmates with substance abuse problems. To measure whether the program is effective, the Adult Substance Use Survey is administered to the inmates on a bi-weekly basis. Over time, the inmates show a significant decrease in their survey scores.
To match the situations with the threats in a quasi-experimental design, we will analyze each situation and identify the potential threats:
A. In this situation, placing kindergarten students with attention difficulties in a special class with an intervention is the independent variable, and their performance on measures of attention is the dependent variable. The potential threat in this situation is maturation, which refers to the natural changes or growth occurring in the participants over time that could influence the results.
B. The freshman orientation program and the ticketing/fining of under-age students for intoxication are the independent variables in this situation, while the reduction in binge-drinking is the dependent variable. The potential threat here is history, which refers to any external events or changes that occur during the study and might influence the results.
C. The literacy intervention for adolescents is the independent variable here, and the oral reading fluency test is the dependent variable. The potential threat in this situation is instrumentation, which occurs when changes or inconsistencies in the measurement instruments used could affect the results.
D. The intervention aiming to improve performance on the state graduation test is the independent variable, and the participants' performance on the exam is the dependent variable. The potential threat in this situation is mortality, which refers to participants dropping out or not completing the study, leading to a biased sample and potentially affecting the results.
E. The implementation of the Web-based counseling program for inmates is the independent variable, and the scores on the Adult Substance Use Survey are the dependent variable. The potential threat here is testing, which occurs when participants become familiar with or affected by the measurement instruments, leading to changes in their responses.
Now that we have identified the potential threats, we can match them with the corresponding situations:
A. Maturation threat
B. History threat
C. Instrumentation threat
D. Mortality threat
E. Testing threat