There are 5 situations below. Can someone please match the situations up with the threat. These would be in a quasi-experimental design. The threats are history, maturation, mortality, testing, and instrumentation threat. THANK YOU!
A.Kindergarten students who were identified as having difficulty staying on-task were placed in a special class to avoid disrupting their more attentive peers. The special class included an intervention to improve attention span. After 6 months, students in the special class were performing no differently on measures of attention than their peers.
B.The local university starts a freshman orientation program to reduce binge-drinking. During their first semester, the campus police also begin ticketing and fining under-age students who are caught intoxicated while on campus.
C.A literacy intervention for adolescents is implemented in a local school district. The effectiveness of the program is assessed using a oral reading fluency test, which is administered by each student's homeroom teacher.
D.An intervention intended to improve performance on the state graduation test began with 150 participants who had failed the exam on the first try. Only 75 finished. The 75 finishers performed better on their second try on the exam.
E.The state correctional institution implements a Web-based counseling program for inmates with substance abuse problems. To measure whether the program is effective, the Adult Substance Use Survey is administered to the inmates on a bi-weekly basis. Over time, the inmates show a significant decrease in their survey scores.
To match the situations with the threats in a quasi-experimental design, let's analyze each situation:
A. In this situation, the special class was implemented to improve attention span in kindergarten students. After 6 months, the students in the special class were performing no differently on measures of attention than their peers. This situation matches the maturation threat. Maturation refers to natural developmental changes that participants go through over time, which can influence the results.
B. In this situation, a freshman orientation program is implemented to reduce binge-drinking, and campus police start ticketing and fining under-age students caught intoxicated on campus. This situation matches the history threat. History refers to external events that occur during the study that can influence the results, such as the introduction of new policies or programs.
C. In this situation, a literacy intervention for adolescents is implemented, and the effectiveness is assessed using an oral reading fluency test administered by each student's homeroom teacher. This situation matches the testing threat. Testing refers to the potential effects of taking a test on subsequent test performance.
D. In this situation, an intervention to improve performance on the state graduation test is implemented with participants who failed the exam on the first try. However, only 75 out of the initial 150 participants finished the intervention. The 75 finishers performed better on their second try. This situation matches the mortality threat. Mortality refers to the dropout or attrition of participants, which can potentially bias the results.
E. In this situation, a web-based counseling program is implemented for inmates with substance abuse problems in a state correctional institution. The effectiveness is assessed using the Adult Substance Use Survey administered bi-weekly. Over time, the inmates show a significant decrease in their survey scores. This situation matches the instrumentation threat. Instrumentation refers to changes or inconsistencies in measurement procedures or tools that can influence the results.
So, to summarize the matches in a quasi-experimental design:
A - Maturation threat
B - History threat
C - Testing threat
D - Mortality threat
E - Instrumentation threat