A critical analysis of the poem `whoso list to hunt`
"Whoso List to Hunt" is a sonnet written by Sir Thomas Wyatt, a 16th-century English poet. It was first published in 1557. The poem revolves around the themes of unrequited love and the pursuit of an unattainable woman. Here is a step-by-step analysis of the poem:
Step 1: Structure and Form
The poem follows the rhyme scheme ABBA ABBA CDCDCD, which is a Petrarchan or Italian sonnet form. Wyatt adheres to the established structure of a sonnet, containing 14 lines with a volta or shift in tone after the octave (first 8 lines) and the sestet (last 6 lines).
Step 2: Context
The title "Whoso List to Hunt" alludes to the hunt, which was a popular pastime of the aristocracy during Wyatt's time. However, the poem uses the metaphor of hunting to describe the speaker's pursuit of a woman, presumably Anne Boleyn, who was the object of desire for many courtiers, including Wyatt himself.
Step 3: Octave
The poem begins with an octave that sets up the context of hunting and introduces the object of the speaker's desire. The speaker addresses an anonymous audience, inviting them to participate in the hunt for the elusive deer, representing the unattainable woman. The speaker acknowledges the risks and challenges of chasing after her, as indicated by the line "Yet have I not her prey; where I would be."
Step 4: Volta
The volta occurs at the end of the octave, where the speaker abruptly shifts his focus from the pursuit of the deer to describing the significant obstacle in his path: another hunter, symbolizing the rival or competition for the woman's affections. The speaker laments, "Noli me tangere, for Caesar's I am." This line suggests that the woman belongs to someone else, possibly a person of higher status.
Step 5: Sestet
In the sestet, the speaker reveals his own resignation and acknowledges that he is giving up the pursuit. He declares that the woman is under the protection of someone he cannot oppose or compete with, comparing himself to a ship against the wind. The final couplet concludes the poem with a touch of bitterness, expressing the speaker's recognition that his efforts are in vain, while hinting at the consequences of his pursuit: "And graven with diamonds in letters plain, / There is written her fair neck round about: / Noli me tangere, for Caesar's I am."
Step 6: Themes and Interpretation
"Whoso List to Hunt" explores themes of unrequited love, the ephemeral nature of desire, and the power dynamics between men and women in an aristocratic society. The pursuit of the unattainable beloved, combined with a sense of resignation and acknowledgement of social barriers, creates a complex emotional tone throughout the poem.
Overall, "Whoso List to Hunt" is a skillfully crafted sonnet that uses the metaphor of the hunt to convey the speaker's feelings of frustration and resignation in his pursuit of a woman he cannot possess. Through its structure, imagery, and themes, the poem offers insight into the complexities of love and desire during Wyatt's time.
To provide a critical analysis of the poem "Whoso List to Hunt," it is important to first read and thoroughly understand the poem. It can be found in Sir Thomas Wyatt's collection of sonnets, written during the 16th century. Here's how you can do this:
1. Start by reading the poem multiple times: The first step is to read the poem attentively to grasp its overall meaning and identify any recurring themes or motifs. Take note of the structure, language, and imagery used by the poet.
2. Analyze the title: The title "Whoso List to Hunt" suggests that the poem is about hunting, but it may have deeper allegorical or metaphorical implications. Consider its significance and how it relates to the poem as a whole.
3. Identify the tone and mood: Determine the emotional tone and atmosphere of the poem. Note whether it is somber, melancholic, romantic, or contemplative, as this can influence the underlying themes and ideas expressed.
4. Study the structure and form: Pay attention to the sonnet's structure, such as the rhyme scheme and meter. In the case of "Whoso List to Hunt," it follows the Petrarchan sonnet form, consisting of an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines).
5. Explore the imagery and symbolism: Analyze the use of imagery and symbolism throughout the poem. Look for recurring images, metaphors, and symbols that help convey the poet's message or theme. For example, in "Whoso List to Hunt," the key symbol is the hunt, which is used to represent courtly love and the pursuit of an unattainable woman.
6. Consider the historical and social context: Sir Thomas Wyatt lived during the Renaissance era, a time of great cultural and social change. Consider how the poem reflects the attitudes, values, and concerns of its time. Contextualize it within the broader literary and cultural movements of the period.
7. Examine the language and word choice: Focus on the poet's choice of words and language devices. Look for literary techniques such as alliteration, similes, metaphors, and personification. Analyze how these help convey the poem's meaning and emotions.
8. Interpret the meaning and themes: Based on your analysis, form your interpretation of the poem's meaning. Consider the themes and ideas explored, such as love, desire, power dynamics, and the human condition. Look for subtleties and nuances in the text to support your interpretation.
Remember, critical analysis requires a deep understanding of the poem and its context. It involves examining various literary elements and their contributions to the overall meaning. By following these steps, you can develop a thorough and well-supported analysis of "Whoso List to Hunt" or any other poem.