Would the answer to this question be total energy and momentum for both one dimensional and two dimensional collisions:
State the quantities conserved in one dimensional and two dimensional collisions.
Momentum is conserved in all collisions, but energy is another matter. KEnergy is conserved in elastic collisions, but not inelastic. Total energy, as including heat, friction, etc is always conserved, but I am not certain that is the point to this question.
I would stick to momentum.
The quantities conserved in collisions depend on whether it is a one-dimensional or two-dimensional collision.
In one-dimensional collisions, where all objects involved move along a single straight line, the two quantities conserved are:
1. Total momentum: Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity. In a one-dimensional collision, the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision. This principle is known as the law of conservation of momentum.
2. Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. In an ideal, perfectly elastic one-dimensional collision, where no energy is lost, the total kinetic energy before the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy after the collision. However, in real-world scenarios, some kinetic energy may be converted into other forms, like heat or sound, resulting in an overall decrease in kinetic energy.
On the other hand, in two-dimensional collisions, where objects move in different directions and planes, two additional quantities are conserved:
1. Component-wise momentum: Instead of considering only the total momentum along the line of collision, we need to consider the momentum components in both x and y directions. For a perfectly elastic collision, the sum of momenta in the x-direction before the collision is equal to the sum of momenta in the x-direction after the collision. Similarly, the sum of momenta in the y-direction before the collision is equal to the sum of momenta in the y-direction after the collision.
2. Total energy: In two-dimensional collisions, the total energy, which includes both kinetic and potential energy, is conserved. This principle implies that the sum of the initial energy before the collision (kinetic and any potential energy) is equal to the sum of the final energy after the collision.
Remember that these conservation principles apply to idealized scenarios and may not always hold true in real-life collisions, as there can be losses due to factors like friction, deformation, or other dissipative forces. Experimental measurements and calculations can help determine the extent of such losses.