barnacles, rockweeds, smooth periwinkles ------> A) splash zone
green sea urchins, sponges, brittle starfish -------> B) middle shore
rough periwinkle, algae -------> C) lower shore
patches of lichens -------> D) upper shore
To determine the correct location for each of the organisms listed, we need to understand the concept of intertidal zones. The intertidal zone refers to the area of the shoreline that is exposed to air at low tide and covered by water at high tide. It is divided into different vertical zones based on the amount of time they are submerged or exposed to air.
A) Splash Zone: This is the highest zone, which is only submerged during high tide events or when waves crash against the shore. It is the driest zone and is primarily exposed to air. Organisms in this zone need to be able to tolerate extreme changes in temperature, salinity, and exposure to air. Barnacles, rockweeds, and smooth periwinkles are commonly found in this area.
B) Middle Shore: This zone is usually submerged for a significant portion of the tidal cycle, but also exposed to air during low tide. It has a more stable environment compared to the splash zone, with less exposure to extreme temperature and drying conditions. Organisms like green sea urchins, sponges, and brittle starfish are typically found in this zone.
C) Lower Shore: This zone is submerged for a large portion of the tidal cycle and is less frequently exposed to air. It experiences more stable and consistent environmental conditions compared to the splash and middle shore zones. Rough periwinkles and algae are commonly found in this area.
D) Upper Shore: This zone is the closest to the high tide mark and is exposed to air for the longest duration during low tide. Organisms in this zone must be adapted to tolerate prolonged exposure to air, desiccation, and temperature fluctuations. Patches of lichens, which are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae, are often found in this zone.
By understanding the characteristics of each intertidal zone and the adaptations of the organisms, we can determine the correct location for each of the listed organisms:
A) Splash Zone: Barnacles, rockweeds, smooth periwinkles
B) Middle Shore: Green sea urchins, sponges, brittle starfish
C) Lower Shore: Rough periwinkle, algae
D) Upper Shore: Patches of lichens