how does an electric ciircuit work?
Books have been written about electrical circuits, what kinds, specilized circuits, etc. You need to be a little more specific with your question.
Sure, I can explain the basic functioning of an electric circuit. An electric circuit is a closed loop through which an electric current flows. It consists of various components like a power source (such as a battery or a generator), conductive wires, and various devices like resistors, capacitors, and switches.
When a circuit is closed, meaning all the components are connected in a loop, the power source supplies electrical energy to the circuit. The power source, typically a battery, has a positive terminal (marked with a plus sign, "+") and a negative terminal (marked with a minus sign, "-"). The positive terminal provides a flow of electrons (negative charges) while the negative terminal accepts these electrons. This creates a potential difference which causes electric charges to move in a specific direction.
The conductive wires act as pathways for the electric current to flow from the power source to the devices and back. They are usually made of metals like copper, which have good conductivity.
Devices like resistors, capacitors, and switches are used to control the flow of electric current. Resistors impede the flow of current, capacitors store electrical energy, and switches allow us to open or close parts of the circuit.
When the circuit is complete and the power source is connected, electrons flow from the negative terminal of the power source through the conductive wires to the devices, providing energy to them. This flow of electrons is what we call an electric current. The electrons then return to the positive terminal of the power source, completing the loop.
By controlling the components in a circuit, we can regulate the flow of current, control the intensity of the flow, and perform various useful functions, like powering lights, motors, and electronic devices.
If you're interested in learning more about electric circuits, I would recommend starting with a basic electronics or electrical engineering textbook or online resource. These resources will provide detailed explanations, circuit diagrams, and examples to help you understand the concepts and principles behind electric circuits.