Which answer choice correctly states and describes the relationship between volume and particle motion within the states of matter?

1:They do not have any relationship, so they do not affect each other.
2:They have an indirect relationship, so when the volume for a state of matter increases, its particle motion decreases.
3:They have a direct relationship, so when the volume for a state of matter increases, its particle motion increases.
4:They have a stable relationship, so the volume and particle motion for a state of matter are equal to each other at all times.

The correct answer choice is 3: They have a direct relationship, so when the volume for a state of matter increases, its particle motion increases.

In the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), the volume of the substance refers to the amount of space it occupies. Meanwhile, the particle motion refers to the movement and speed of the particles in the substance.

When the volume of a state of matter increases, it means that the substance is expanding and taking up more space. As a result, the particles within the substance have more room to move around and the particle motion increases. Conversely, when the volume decreases, the particles have less space to move, causing a decrease in particle motion.

Therefore, volume and particle motion have a direct relationship where an increase in volume leads to an increase in particle motion, and a decrease in volume leads to a decrease in particle motion.

To find the correct answer, let's first understand the relationship between volume and particle motion within states of matter.

1. Solid: In a solid state, particles are tightly packed and have minimal movement. The volume of a solid does not directly affect the particle motion. So, option 1 can be eliminated.

2. Liquid: In a liquid state, particles are loosely packed and have more freedom to move compared to solids. An increase or decrease in volume does not directly influence the speed or behavior of the particles. So, option 2 can be eliminated.

3. Gas: In a gas state, particles are highly spread out and have a lot of kinetic energy, resulting in rapid and random motion. When the volume of a gas increases, the space between particles increases, leading to a decrease in particle collisions and lower average particle motion. Conversely, when the volume decreases, the particles are confined to a smaller space, causing an increase in particle motion. This indicates a direct relationship between volume and particle motion. Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

To summarize, option 3 correctly states and describes the relationship between volume and particle motion within the states of matter.

think PV = kT

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