1). Explain why a substance is considered a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or non-electrolyte.
2) List two factors that might influence the conductivity of aqueous solutions.
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1) A substance is considered a strong electrolyte if it dissociates completely into ions when dissolved in water, leading to a high conductivity. To determine if a substance is a strong electrolyte, you can check if it is a soluble ionic compound, strong acid, or strong base. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates into sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions when dissolved in water, making it a strong electrolyte.
A substance is considered a weak electrolyte if it only partially dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, resulting in lower conductivity. Weak electrolytes include weak acids, weak bases, and partially soluble ionic compounds. For instance, acetic acid (CH3COOH) does not fully dissociate into hydrogen (H+) and acetate (CH3COO-) ions when dissolved in water, so it is a weak electrolyte.
On the other hand, a substance is considered a non-electrolyte if it does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, leading to no electrical conductivity. Non-electrolytes include covalent compounds, such as sugar (C12H22O11) or ethanol (C2H5OH), since they do not produce ions in water.
2) Two factors that might influence the conductivity of aqueous solutions are concentration and temperature.
Concentration: The conductivity of an aqueous solution is directly proportional to the concentration of ions present in the solution. The more ions there are, the higher the conductivity. For example, increasing the concentration of a strong electrolyte, such as adding more sodium chloride (NaCl) to water, will result in a higher conductivity.
Temperature: Temperature also affects the conductivity of aqueous solutions. In general, increasing the temperature of a solution will increase its conductivity. This is because higher temperatures provide additional energy, allowing for increased ion mobility and faster migration of ions, which results in higher conductivity.
It is important to note that other factors, such as the size and charge of ions, solvent properties, and the presence of other dissolved substances, can also influence the conductivity of aqueous solutions.