What are some examples of energy being “wasted” or lost (dissipated energy) as a roller coaster runs through a track?
friction in the wheel bearings
wind resistance
When a roller coaster runs through a track, there are several examples of energy being "wasted" or lost as dissipated energy. Some of these examples include:
1. Friction: Friction between the roller coaster's wheels and the track causes a loss of energy. As the roller coaster moves along the track, there is constant contact between the wheels and the track, resulting in friction. This friction converts some of the kinetic energy of the roller coaster into heat energy, which is dissipated into the surroundings. The friction is necessary to provide control and stability to the roller coaster but it causes a loss of energy in the process.
2. Air Resistance: As the roller coaster moves through the air, it encounters air resistance or drag. The shape of the roller coaster, its speed, and the density of the air all affect the amount of air resistance. The energy spent in overcoming air resistance is ultimately lost as heat energy in the surrounding atmosphere.
3. Vibrations and Sound: As the roller coaster moves along the track, it experiences vibrations and produces sound energy. These vibrations and sound waves are forms of energy that are dissipated into the surrounding environment. This dissipated energy may not directly affect the motion of the roller coaster but contributes to overall energy loss.
4. Mechanical Friction: Within the roller coaster itself, there are mechanical parts such as bearings, gears, and brakes. These components also introduce friction, which leads to energy loss. For example, the braking system uses friction to slow down or stop the roller coaster, converting its kinetic energy into heat energy.
It is important to note that while energy is dissipated and lost in these examples, the conservation of energy principle still holds. The total energy of the roller coaster and its surroundings remains constant, but the usable energy for the roller coaster's intended purpose (such as maintaining speed and providing thrills) decreases due to these energy losses.