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Explain the purpose and function of the Electoral College. How are it’s members chosen? How does the Electoral College reflect the will of the people?

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The purpose of the Electoral College in the United States is to elect the President and Vice President. It functions as a compromise between electing the President directly by popular vote and having it solely determined by Congress. Instead, the Electoral College allows for an indirect method of selecting the President.

The Electoral College consists of 538 electors who represent their respective states. Each state is allocated a number of electors equal to the total number of Senators (always two) plus the number of Representatives, which is based on the state's population size. The members of the Electoral College are chosen through a two-step process.

First, political parties in each state nominate a slate of electors during their state party conventions or as determined by state law. These individuals are typically party loyalists, activists, or individuals with political connections. The number of electors per party is determined by the electoral votes allocated to the state in the presidential election.

Second, during the November general election, voters cast their votes for the presidential candidate of their choice. In almost all states, the candidate who receives the most popular votes in that state wins all of its electoral votes. For example, if a candidate wins the popular vote in California, they would receive all 55 electoral votes from that state. The candidate who receives a majority of at least 270 out of the 538 total electoral votes is declared the winner of the presidential election.

The Electoral College is meant to reflect the will of the people by balancing the interests of both small and large states. It aims to ensure that all states have a voice in the election process. By allocating electoral votes based on a state's population size, it allows less populous states to have a proportional impact on the election outcome. However, critics argue that this system can sometimes lead to a discrepancy between the popular vote and the outcome of the Electoral College, as was the case in the 2016 and 2000 presidential elections.

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