what is one way that flue strains can vary from one another
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When vaccines are being developed for an upcoming flu season—which occurs about six to nine months in advance—researchers do their best to predict which of the various possible strains will be circulating. Making this job even tougher is the fact that flu viruses continually change over time, producing new strains that the body’s immune system doesn’t recognize. The type-B virus changes gradually, a process called antigenic drift. With type A, the changes can be gradual…or they can be abrupt and major, a process called antigenic shift.
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One way that flu strains can vary from one another is through genetic mutations. Influenza viruses have a high mutation rate, meaning that their genetic material can change or accumulate errors as they replicate. This leads to the emergence of new strains over time.
To identify and understand the variations between flu strains, scientists analyze and compare their genetic sequences. This process involves collecting viral samples from infected individuals and isolating the genetic material of the virus. The genetic sequences are then compared to identify differences or mutations.
One common method used to study flu strains is through a process called genetic sequencing. This involves determining the precise order of the building blocks (nucleotides) in the viral genetic material, which is typically RNA for the influenza virus. By comparing the genetic sequences of different strains, scientists can identify specific variations or mutations that distinguish one strain from another.
These variations in the genetic sequence can impact the characteristics of the flu strain, such as how easily it spreads, the severity of symptoms it causes, and the effectiveness of existing vaccines and antiviral medications. Understanding these variations is crucial for monitoring the evolution of the influenza virus, tracking the emergence of new strains, and developing effective countermeasures like vaccines and treatments.