4. Which minor scale has seventh scale degree when descending and descending?

a) natural minor
b) melodic minor
c) harmonic minor
d) chromatic minor

5. The most conclusive-sounding cadence, ofter found at the end of a piece, is a(n)
a) deceptive cadence
b) plagal cadence
c) half cadence
d) authentic cadence

6. The chord progressions of plagal cadence is
a) IV-vi
b) IV-I
c) I-V
d) V^7-I

7. A major third stacked on top of a minor third forms a(n) _____ triad.
a) major
b) minor
c) augmented
d) diminished

8. A major triad is formed by stacking
a) a major third on top of a minor third
b) a major third on top of a major third
c) a minor third on top of a minor third
d) a minor third on top of a major third

My answers are b, d, c, a, d

4. To determine which minor scale has the seventh scale degree raised when ascending and lowered when descending, you need to understand the three types of minor scales: natural minor, melodic minor, and harmonic minor.

- The natural minor scale is made by lowering the third, sixth, and seventh scale degrees compared to the major scale. Thus, it doesn't fit the criteria mentioned in the question.

- The melodic minor scale, when ascending, raises the sixth and seventh scale degrees, but when descending, it reverts back to the natural minor scale. Therefore, it also doesn't meet the requirements given in the question.

- The harmonic minor scale, however, raises only the seventh scale degree compared to the natural minor scale, both when ascending and descending. This means that it matches the criteria mentioned in the question.

Therefore, the correct answer is c) harmonic minor.

5. To identify the most conclusive-sounding cadence commonly found at the end of a piece, you need to understand the different types of cadences.

- A deceptive cadence creates a sense of surprise or suspension by ending on an unexpected chord.

- A plagal cadence, also known as the "Amen cadence," is commonly found in hymns and ends with the chord progression IV-I.

- A half cadence ends on the dominant chord, creating a sense of temporary pause or interruption.

- An authentic cadence provides a strong sense of resolution by ending on the chord progression V-I (or V^7-I).

Considering that the question is asking for the most conclusive-sounding cadence, the correct answer is d) authentic cadence.

6. To determine the chord progression of a plagal cadence, you need to understand the structure of the chords involved.

- The Roman numeral analysis of chords is commonly used to indicate the chord progressions in a musical piece. In the key of C major, for example, the Roman numeral analysis would be:

I - C major
IV - F major
V - G major
vi - A minor

- A plagal cadence typically involves the chord progression IV-I.

Based on the given options, the correct answer is b) IV-I.

7. To identify the type of triad formed when stacking a major third on top of a minor third, you need to understand the different types of triads and the structure of intervals within them.

- A major triad is formed by stacking a major third (four semitones or two whole steps) on top of a minor third (three semitones or one and a half whole steps).

- A minor triad is formed by stacking a minor third on top of a major third.

- An augmented triad is formed by stacking two major thirds on top of one another.

- A diminished triad is formed by stacking two minor thirds on top of one another.

Therefore, the correct answer is a) major triad.

8. To identify how a major triad is formed, you need to understand the structure of intervals within the triad.

- A major triad consists of a root note, a major third (four semitones or two whole steps) above the root, and a perfect fifth (seven semitones or three and a half whole steps) above the root.

- A minor triad, on the other hand, has a minor third (three semitones or one and a half whole steps) above the root.

Based on the given options, the correct answer is a) a major third on top of a minor third.