Find the number of unpaired electrons on the central metal atom of following:
MgSO4
NiSO4.6H2O
CoCl2.6H2O
KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
CuSO4.5H2O
(NH4)2Cr2O7
FeSO4.7H2O
MnCl2.4H2O
FeCl3.6H2O
K3Mn(CN)6
I don't think anyone here will do all of these for you. Here are a couple with explanation.
MgSO4 is an ionic compound consisting of Mg^2+ + [SO4]^2-
12Mg neutral atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 = 12 electrons
12Mg^2+ is 1s2 2s2 2p6 = 10 so there are no unpaired electrons for the 12Mg^2+ ion.
CuSO4.5H2O is Cu^2+ + [SO4]^2- + 5H2O
29Cu is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 and
29Cu^2+ is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s0
So 4 H2O molecules pair with Cu^2+ and the fifth H2O molecule forms H bonds with the sulfate ions. O from two sulfate ions form coordinate bonds with Cu ion also to form an octahedral d2sp3 complex. So that leaves the lone electron in the 3d shell as the only unpaired electron for the Cu(II) ion.
Ah, let's see how many unpaired electrons our central metal atoms have in these compounds.
1) MgSO4:
Mg is in Group 2 of the periodic table, so it has 2 valence electrons. It loses both electrons to form Mg²⁺, leaving no unpaired electrons.
2) NiSO4.6H2O:
Ni is in Transition Metal Group 10, and it has an electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s². There are four unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Ni²⁺ ion.
3) CoCl2.6H2O:
Co is also a Transition Metal, belonging to Group 9. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s². There are three unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Co²⁺ ion.
4) KCr(SO4)2.12H2O:
Cr is a Transition Metal from Group 6. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹. There are four unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Cr³⁺ ion.
5) CuSO4.5H2O:
Cu is a Transition Metal from Group 11. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹. It has one unpaired electron in the d orbitals of the Cu²⁺ ion.
6) (NH4)2Cr2O7:
Cr is a Transition Metal from Group 6. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹. There are four unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Cr⁶⁺ ion.
7) FeSO4.7H2O:
Fe is a Transition Metal from Group 8. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s². There are four unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Fe²⁺ ion.
8) MnCl2.4H2O:
Mn is a Transition Metal from Group 7. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². There are five unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Mn²⁺ ion.
9) FeCl3.6H2O:
Fe is a Transition Metal from Group 8. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s². There are four unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Fe³⁺ ion.
10) K3Mn(CN)6:
Mn is a Transition Metal from Group 7. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². There are five unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the Mn⁴⁺ ion.
I hope these answers brightened up your day!
To find the number of unpaired electrons on the central metal atom for each compound, we need to identify the central metal atom for each compound and determine its electronic configuration.
1. MgSO4:
The central metal atom is Mg (magnesium). The electronic configuration of Mg is [Ne] 3s². It has 2 unpaired electrons.
2. NiSO4.6H2O:
The central metal atom is Ni (nickel). The electronic configuration of Ni is [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s². It has 2 unpaired electrons.
3. CoCl2.6H2O:
The central metal atom is Co (cobalt). The electronic configuration of Co is [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s². It has 3 unpaired electrons.
4. KCr(SO4)2.12H2O:
The central metal atom is Cr (chromium). The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹. It has 6 unpaired electrons.
5. CuSO4.5H2O:
The central metal atom is Cu (copper). The electronic configuration of Cu is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹. It has 1 unpaired electron.
6. (NH4)2Cr2O7:
The central metal atom is Cr (chromium). The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹. It has 6 unpaired electrons.
7. FeSO4.7H2O:
The central metal atom is Fe (iron). The electronic configuration of Fe is [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s². It has 4 unpaired electrons.
8. MnCl2.4H2O:
The central metal atom is Mn (manganese). The electronic configuration of Mn is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². It has 5 unpaired electrons.
9. FeCl3.6H2O:
The central metal atom is Fe (iron). The electronic configuration of Fe is [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s². It has 4 unpaired electrons.
10. K3Mn(CN)6:
The central metal atom is Mn (manganese). The electronic configuration of Mn is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². It has 5 unpaired electrons.
So, the number of unpaired electrons on the central metal atom for each compound are as follows:
1. MgSO4: 2 unpaired electrons.
2. NiSO4.6H2O: 2 unpaired electrons.
3. CoCl2.6H2O: 3 unpaired electrons.
4. KCr(SO4)2.12H2O: 6 unpaired electrons.
5. CuSO4.5H2O: 1 unpaired electron.
6. (NH4)2Cr2O7: 6 unpaired electrons.
7. FeSO4.7H2O: 4 unpaired electrons.
8. MnCl2.4H2O: 5 unpaired electrons.
9. FeCl3.6H2O: 4 unpaired electrons.
10. K3Mn(CN)6: 5 unpaired electrons.
To find the number of unpaired electrons on the central metal atom in the given compounds, we need to determine the electronic configuration of the metal atom in each compound.
Let's go through each compound one by one:
1. MgSO4:
Since magnesium (Mg) is in group 2 of the periodic table, its electron configuration is [Ne] 3s2. Therefore, it has 0 unpaired electrons.
2. NiSO4.6H2O:
Nickel (Ni) is in the transition metal group, so it requires additional steps to determine its electronic configuration. To find the configuration, we count up electrons using Aufbau's principle and Hund's rule until we reach the atomic number of nickel (Ni: atomic number = 28). The electron configuration of Ni is [Ar] 3d8 4s2. Since there are 2 unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital, NiSO4.6H2O has 2 unpaired electrons.
3. CoCl2.6H2O:
Similar to nickel, cobalt (Co) is also a transition metal. The electron configuration of Co is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. Thus, there is 3d7 for unpaired electrons in CoCl2.6H2O, making it 3 unpaired electrons.
4. KCr(SO4)2.12H2O:
Chromium (Cr) is another transition metal. The electron configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d5 4s1. Since there are 4s1 and 3d5 orbitals, there are a total of 6 unpaired electrons.
5. CuSO4.5H2O:
Copper (Cu) is a transition metal. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. Here, there is only one unpaired electron in the 4s orbital.
6. (NH4)2Cr2O7:
Chromium (Cr) is a transition metal as mentioned earlier. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s1. Hence, there are 6 unpaired electrons.
7. FeSO4.7H2O:
Iron (Fe) is also a transition metal. The electron configuration of Fe is [Ar] 3d6 4s2. Therefore, there are 4 unpaired electrons in FeSO4.7H2O.
8. MnCl2.4H2O:
Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal. It has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d5 4s2. So, there are 5 unpaired electrons in MnCl2.4H2O.
9. FeCl3.6H2O:
Iron (Fe) is a transition metal once again. It has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d6 4s2. In this compound, FeCl3.6H2O, there are 5 unpaired electrons.
10. K3Mn(CN)6:
Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. Hence, there are 5 unpaired electrons in K3Mn(CN)6.
To summarize, here is the number of unpaired electrons on the central metal atom for each compound:
1. MgSO4: 0
2. NiSO4.6H2O: 2
3. CoCl2.6H2O: 3
4. KCr(SO4)2.12H2O: 6
5. CuSO4.5H2O: 1
6. (NH4)2Cr2O7: 6
7. FeSO4.7H2O: 4
8. MnCl2.4H2O: 5
9. FeCl3.6H2O: 5
10. K3Mn(CN)6: 5