16.
Which factors can affect a person’s height?
a person’s karyotype
genes only
both genes and environmental factors
a person’s blood type
17.
How does a geneticist use pedigrees?
to prove that sex-linked traits are caused by codominant alleles
to replicate identical strings of DNA
to trace the inheritance of traits in humans
to create genetic crosses
18.
Use the diagram to answer the question.
Which individuals do not exhibit the trait and are not carriers?
A, C, E, G, I, L, N, and O
B, D, F, H, J, K, M, P, and Q
A, C, F, J, N, and O
B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, P, and Q
19.
Sex-linked genes are genes on _____.
the X and Y chromosomes
the X chromosome only
all 23 pairs of chromosomes
the Y chromosome only
20.
A karyotype can be used to diagnose the genetic disorder called _____.
hemophilia
sickle-cell disease
Down syndrome
cystic fibrosis
16 is both genes and environmental factors
17 is to trace the inheritance of traits in humans
18 is A, C, F, J, N, and O
19 is all 23 pairs of chromosomes
20 is cystic fibrosis
20. No, cystic fibrosis is caused by a gene mutation. Karyotypes can detect abnormalities only in chromosome number.
19. Not the best answer.
18. No diagram
16,17 correct
16. To determine which factors can affect a person's height, we need to understand the key components that contribute to height. These factors can include a person's karyotype, genes, environmental factors, and blood type.
To find the answer, we can eliminate some options based on our knowledge. A person's blood type is not directly related to their height, so we can rule out that factor. Karyotype refers to the number and appearance of chromosomes in an individual, and although it can have some impact on height, it is not the sole determining factor.
This leaves us with two remaining options: genes only or both genes and environmental factors. From general understanding and scientific research, we know that height is influenced by both a person's genes and the environment they grow up in, including nutrition, access to healthcare, and other external factors. Therefore, the correct answer is both genes and environmental factors.
17. A geneticist uses pedigrees to track and trace the inheritance patterns of traits in humans. A pedigree is a diagram that shows how a trait or condition is passed down from one generation to the next within a family. It helps geneticists analyze and understand the patterns of inheritance, whether it is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or sex-linked.
By studying pedigrees, a geneticist can identify the presence of certain traits within a family, determine the mode of inheritance, and even make predictions about the probability of an individual inheriting a particular trait. Pedigrees are an essential tool in genetic research and can provide valuable information for diagnosing and understanding genetic conditions.
18. To identify the individuals who do not exhibit the trait and are not carriers, we need to analyze the given diagram. The individuals who do not exhibit the trait will not have the trait represented in the diagram, and the carriers will have the trait represented in their genotype without exhibiting it.
Looking at the options, we can eliminate choices that include individuals who either exhibit the trait or are carriers. Analyzing the diagram and comparing it to the options, we can see that option B, D, F, H, J, K, M, P, and Q do not show the trait and are not carriers. Hence, the correct answer is B, D, F, H, J, K, M, P, and Q.
19. Sex-linked genes are genes located on the sex chromosomes, specifically the X and Y chromosomes. While females have two X chromosomes (XX), males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Genes located on the sex chromosomes can exhibit different inheritance patterns due to their unique nature.
Therefore, the correct answer is the X and Y chromosomes.
20. A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs according to their size, banding patterns, and other physical characteristics. It allows geneticists to analyze and identify chromosomal abnormalities or disorders.
Among the options provided, Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in various physical and intellectual disabilities. A karyotype analysis is commonly used to diagnose Down syndrome by visually confirming the presence of an extra chromosome 21 in the individual's karyotype.
Therefore, the correct answer is Down syndrome.