As the molecular complexity of the homologues increases
a) the boiling point decreases in the same direction
b) the density decreases in the same direction
c) the solubility generally decrease
d) there is no change in state
e) none of the above?
To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the relationship between molecular complexity and the given properties (boiling point, density, and solubility). Let's analyze each option:
a) The boiling point refers to the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. In general, as the molecular complexity of a compound (referring to its size and degree of branching) increases, the boiling point tends to increase. This is because larger, more complex molecules have more intermolecular forces that require more energy to break, resulting in a higher boiling point. Therefore, option (a) is incorrect.
b) Density refers to the mass of a substance per unit volume. The molecular complexity itself does not have a direct impact on density. It is important to note that density can depend on various factors such as molecular weight, packing efficiency, and intermolecular forces. Therefore, option (b) is incorrect.
c) Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a given solvent. The molecular complexity can affect solubility to some extent. In general, as the molecular complexity of a compound increases, the solubility tends to decrease. This is because larger, more complex molecules may have fewer opportunities for interactions with the solvent, making it less likely for them to dissolve. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
d) The state of matter refers to whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas at a given temperature and pressure. The molecular complexity, on its own, does not determine the state of matter. It is influenced by factors like temperature and pressure. Therefore, option (d) is incorrect.
e) Based on the explanations provided above, option (e), "none of the above," is also incorrect.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option (c), the solubility generally decreases as the molecular complexity of homologues increases.