Which of the following statements about correlation and causation is true?
Causation implies correlation.
Correlation and causation are always unrelated.
Correlation cannot occur without causation.
Correlation implies causation.
Is it the last one?
Yes.
that's wrong its c
No, the last statement "Correlation implies causation" is not true. Correlation does not necessarily imply causation. Just because two variables are correlated, it does not mean that one variable causes the other. Correlation simply indicates a relationship or association between two variables, but additional evidence is needed to establish causation.
No, the statement "Correlation implies causation" is not true. Correlation and causation are distinct concepts.
To understand why correlation does not imply causation, it's important to break down the difference between the two. Correlation refers to the statistical relationship between two variables, where they tend to change or vary together. Causation, on the other hand, refers to a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, where changes in one variable directly cause changes in the other.
Just because two variables are correlated, it does not necessarily mean that one variable is causing the other to change. Correlation can arise for various reasons, such as coincidence, common influences, or the presence of an unknown third factor influencing both variables.
To determine causation between variables, additional research is needed, such as controlled experiments or observational studies with carefully designed methodologies. These studies aim to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by controlling for confounding factors and establishing a temporal relationship between the variables.
So, in conclusion, the statement that is true is "Causation implies correlation," as cause and effect often lead to a correlation. However, it's worth noting that not all correlations imply causation.