Wilson reads an article that says students who eat blueberries the morning of a test tend to have higher test scores. The article claims that eating blueberries causes an improvement in test scores.

Which of the following statements is most likely correct about the relationship between eating blueberries and improved test scores?

There is no correlation, but there is a causal relationship.
There is no correlation or causal relationship.
There is a correlation and a causal relationship.
There is a correlation. but there is no causal relationship.
I think its the first one.

For anyone who comes to this and is wondering what the actual answer is, because they fail to clarify, it is

D) There is a correlation. but there is no causal relationship.
Well, that was the correct one for me, hopefully, this helps :)

" ...eat blueberries the morning of a test tend to have higher ... "

That is CORRELATION, they come together
HOWEVER
That does NOT mean that eating blueberries CAUSES genius !

(it was probably the ice cream that did it :)

so the article is wrong? Is it the second one?

Thank you

To determine the correct statement about the relationship between eating blueberries and improved test scores, we need to understand the terms "correlation" and "causal relationship."

A correlation indicates a statistical relationship between two variables where an increase or decrease in one variable is associated with a corresponding increase or decrease in the other variable. It does not imply that one variable causes the changes in the other variable.

A causal relationship, on the other hand, suggests that one variable directly and significantly influences the changes in another variable. In this case, it means that eating blueberries directly causes an improvement in test scores.

Now, based on the information given in the article, it suggests that there is a correlation between eating blueberries and improved test scores. This means that there is a statistical relationship between the two variables. However, the article goes further and claims that eating blueberries causes the improvement in test scores, indicating a causal relationship.

Therefore, the correct statement about the relationship between eating blueberries and improved test scores would be: "There is a correlation and a causal relationship."

Really? Blueberries and test scores have no correlation? But blueberries cause higher test scores?

Yes. The second one is right.

People can say anything, but we must be wise enough to demand proof.