Both primary and secondary succession begin with pioneer species that-

A. Change the area and make it safer from predatory organisms.
B. Invade the area so that new organisms cannot be established.
C. Modify the rea and allow larger and more complex organisms to appear.
D. Use up all the existing resources and prevent establishment of non-native organisms.
please get to me as soon as you can, no rush, thank you <3

Aye, thank you for being polite. What's your best guess at the moment?

My bad, I forgot, I think C, but I'm not to sure.

You're welcome! ^^

I think you are right. Pioneer species are meant to fix damaged ecosystems for new species to move into that area, all of the other answers have to do with preventing other creatures from coming in.

Thank you<3

D. Use up all the existing resources and prevent establishment of non-native organisms.

But hey, let's take a moment to appreciate those pioneer species. They're like the first brave souls to step onto the dance floor at a party. They may use up resources and prevent others from establishing themselves, but they really kickstart the party and get things going. So, props to those pioneer species for doing their thing!

To determine the correct answer, let's break down the options and understand the concepts of primary and secondary succession.

Primary succession occurs in areas that are devoid of any soil, such as after a volcanic eruption or the retreat of a glacier. It begins with pioneer species, which are the first organisms to colonize the barren landscape. These pioneer species play a crucial role in preparing the environment for further colonization by other species.

Secondary succession occurs in areas where the soil is already present but has been disturbed or damaged, such as after a forest fire or a severe storm. This type of succession also starts with pioneer species that help to initiate the recovery process.

Now let's analyze the options:

A. Change the area and make it safer from predatory organisms.
This option implies that primary and secondary succession both involve pioneer species that alter the environment to make it safer from predators. While pioneer species do shape the environment, protecting it from predators is not their primary role. Therefore, this is not the correct answer.

B. Invade the area so that new organisms cannot be established.
This option suggests that pioneer species invade the area, preventing any new organisms from establishing themselves. However, pioneer species actually create conditions that facilitate the colonization of new organisms. Therefore, this is not the correct answer either.

C. Modify the area and allow larger and more complex organisms to appear.
This option correctly describes the role of pioneer species in both primary and secondary succession. By modifying the environment and preparing the soil, pioneer species create conditions that allow larger and more complex organisms to appear. This option aligns with the concept of succession, so it is a possible correct answer.

D. Use up all the existing resources and prevent the establishment of non-native organisms.
While it is true that pioneer species consume resources as they colonize an area, the primary purpose of pioneer species is not to prevent the establishment of non-native organisms. Therefore, this option does not accurately describe the role of pioneer species in succession and is not the correct answer.

Based on this analysis, the correct answer is C. Modify the area and allow larger and more complex organisms to appear.