I am having difficulty understanding the four principles of social stratification.
1. Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply
a reflection of individual differences.
2. Social stratification carries over from generation to
generation.
3. Social stratification is universal but
variable.
4. Social stratification involves not just inequality but beliefs as well.
1. Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply
a reflection of individual differences.
Your society (the people in your country, state, town, neighborhood) determine your status. Your individual abilities and talents usually have little to do with your status.
2. Social stratification carries over from generation to
generation.
People generally have the same social status as their parents, grandparents, etc.
3. Social stratification is universal but
variable.
Every society has social classes -- but they are not the same everywhere.
4. Social stratification involves not just inequality but beliefs as well.
People may be treated equally under the law, but individuals may not do so.
Thank you!
You're welcome.
To gain a better understanding of the four principles of social stratification, let's break them down one by one and explain each principle in more detail.
1. Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences.
This principle means that social stratification is not solely the result of personal characteristics or abilities. Instead, it is a characteristic of social structures and systems. Social stratification refers to the division of a society into different levels or layers based on various factors such as wealth, occupation, power, and social status. It is important to understand that social stratification is a feature of how society is organized rather than just a reflection of individual differences.
To understand this principle, you can explore sociological studies and research that examine the patterns and structures of society. Additionally, examining real-life examples of social stratification can help you grasp the concept. For instance, studying income inequality and how it is distributed across different social groups can provide valuable insights.
2. Social stratification carries over from generation to generation.
This principle suggests that social position is not entirely based on individual merit or effort but is also influenced by one's social background and family background. In other words, social stratification tends to be inherited across generations. People born into privileged families with higher social status or wealth are more likely to have advantages and opportunities that can help them maintain or improve their social position. On the other hand, those born into disadvantaged backgrounds may face greater obstacles in moving up the social ladder.
Understanding this principle requires examining intergenerational mobility and researching studies that analyze how social position is transmitted through families and inherited over time. Economic and social mobility studies can provide insights into how social stratification is perpetuated across generations.
3. Social stratification is universal but variable.
This principle acknowledges that social stratification exists in all societies around the world, although the specific forms and factors may vary. Every society has some form of social hierarchy or differentiation. However, the way in which individuals are classified or ranked within this hierarchy can differ based on cultural, economic, political, and historical factors. For example, in some societies, social stratification may be primarily based on caste or religious affiliation, while in others, it could be determined by educational attainment or occupation.
To understand this principle, it is useful to explore comparative studies of social stratification across different societies and cultures. Analyzing cross-cultural examples can help you grasp the variations and similarities in the ways societies stratify their members.
4. Social stratification involves not just inequality but beliefs as well.
This principle emphasizes that social stratification is not just about the unequal distribution of resources, power, and opportunities but also about the beliefs, ideologies, and values that justify and perpetuate these inequalities. Social stratification systems often have a "legitimizing" ideology that justifies why some individuals or groups hold higher positions in society while others are relegated to lower positions. These ideologies can manifest as ideas of meritocracy (where social position is believed to be based on individual abilities and efforts) or ideas of divine, religious, or natural order (where social positions are considered predetermined or God-given).
To understand this principle, it is essential to study the social and cultural factors that shape and maintain ideologies of stratification. Analyzing sociological and anthropological research on belief systems, ideologies, and power dynamics can provide insights into the complex relationship between social stratification and beliefs.
By engaging with sociological literature, comparative studies, and empirical research, you can develop a deeper understanding of the four principles of social stratification. Remember to critically analyze different examples and perspectives to obtain a comprehensive understanding of this sociological concept.