Which of the following are examples of FAULTY reasoning? Select all that apply.
supporting details
overgeneralization *
conclusions
inferences
personal bias *
I agree.
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To identify examples of faulty reasoning, we need to understand what each option means and then determine if it represents faulty reasoning.
1. Supporting details: Supporting details are specific pieces of evidence or information that help validate a claim or argument. They are not an example of faulty reasoning, as they provide factual and logical support.
2. Overgeneralization: Overgeneralization is a form of faulty reasoning. It occurs when a conclusion is drawn about a whole group or category based on insufficient evidence or limited examples. For example, if someone claims "All dogs are mean" based on a negative encounter with one or a few aggressive dogs, it would be an overgeneralization.
3. Conclusions: Conclusions are the final statements or deductions reached after considering all the evidence or reasoning. While faulty conclusions can exist, the term "conclusions" in itself does not imply faulty reasoning.
4. Inferences: Inferences are logical deductions or assumptions made based on available evidence. Inferences can be both accurate and faulty, depending on how well they are supported. Therefore, inferences alone are not necessarily examples of faulty reasoning.
5. Personal bias: Personal bias is a form of faulty reasoning that occurs when someone's own preferences, prejudices, or beliefs influence their judgment or decision-making process. Personal bias can lead to distorted reasoning and unfair conclusions.
Based on the definitions provided, the examples of faulty reasoning from the given list are overgeneralization and personal bias.