In a science experiment, what is a:

1. independent variable
2. dependent variable
3. constant
4. manipulative variable

I need these answers ASAP!!! I just need to know like the definition or an example or something!!

an independant variabie is like this:
2+x=6
the x is not next to a number, so it is independant

an dependant vairiable is :

2+3x=11
the x has a number next to it so it is dependant

SRY, THATS ALL I NO!!!!!

An independent variable is the potential stimulus or cause, usually directly manipulated by the experimenter, so it could also be called a manipulative variable.

A dependent variable is the response or measure of results.

Extraneous variables — other than the independent variable — potentially can affect the dependent variable, so they must be controlled. If possible, you try to keep them constant between the experimental and control group.

The experimental group receives the independent variable.

The control group is similar to experimental, except it does not receive the independent variable. Extraneous variables are balanced between experimental and control groups

Types of experiments

1. Single blind gives the control group a placebo — a substance that has not real physical effect. Subjects don't know if they are in experimental or control group to reduce placebo effect.

2. Double blind keeps both subjects and experimenter ignorant of group setup. Distribution of independent variable and placebo controlled by third party. This controls for experimenter bias and self-fulfilling prophecy. This means that experimenters with particular expectations are likely to consciously or unconsciously to bias the experiment and influence it to conform to their expectations.

As an example, suppose you want to find out if fluorides reduce dental cavities. You would find two groups trying to control the extraneous variables. Extraneous variables are found by surveying previous research in the area. In this case, you would match the grous in terms of previous history of cavities, diet and dental hygiene habits including how they brush their teeth.

The experimental group would get toothpaste with the independent variable, the flouride, while the control group would not have the fluoride in their toothpaste.

The dependent variable would be the number of cavities after participating in the experiment for a time. The dependent variable indicates the results, but it is not the results. At the end of the experiment, both groups could have no change in cavities or one of the groups could have a greater reudction in cavities. (Of course, if the fluoride increased cavities, you wouldn't want to use it.) all of these varied results would be indicated in terms of the dependent variable.

If only the subjects do not know who is getting the flouride, it is a single blind experiment. If both the subjects and experimenter do not know, it it is a double blind.

I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.

What is a manipulative variable?

A manipulative variable is the independent variable that is directly manipulated by the experimenter. It is the factor that is changed in order to observe the effects on the dependent variable. For example, in a study of the effects of light on plant growth, the independent variable would be the amount of light, and the manipulative variable would be the amount of light that the experimenter changes in order to observe the effects on the dependent variable, which would be the plant growth.

A manipulative variable is another term for an independent variable. It refers to the factor in an experiment that is intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher. The purpose of manipulating the independent variable is to determine its effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is the potential stimulus or cause of the observed results in the experiment.

A manipulative variable, also known as an independent variable, is the variable that is deliberately and intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher in a scientific experiment. It is the potential stimulus or cause that is being tested to see how it affects the dependent variable. The researcher can control and manipulate the values of the independent variable to observe and analyze its effects on the dependent variable. In other words, the researcher is actively changing this variable to see how it influences the outcome of the experiment.