1. Questions

science

Examine the following equations.

A. 23490Th→23491Pa+0−1e+γ

B. 60∗27Co→6027Co+γ

C. 23490Th→23088Ra+42He

D. 146C→147N+0−1e

Which equation or equations represent gamma decay?

B
C
A and B
A
A and D
D
C and D

Which describes the relationship of sunlight to Becquerel's discovery of radiation?

A Sunlight was irrelevant to the uranium salts' effect on the photographic plate, so the energy must have come from somewhere else.
B Sunlight prevented the uranium salts from affecting the photographic plate, so the energy from sunlight must have made the uranium more stable.
C Sunlight was necessary for the uranium salts to affect the photographic plate, so the energy from sunlight must have made the uranium less stable.
D Sunlight interfered with the effect uranium salts had on the photographic plate, making the effects of radiation easier to see.

How will the number of neutrons in an atom impact its stability?

A The more neutrons there are per proton, the more energy the atom will have and the more likely it will be to decay.
B The more even the ratio of neutrons to protons, the more energy the atom will have and the more likely it will be to decay.
C The more even the ratio of neutrons to protons, the less energy the atom will have and the less likely it will be to decay.
D The less neutrons there are per proton, the less energy the atom will have and the less likely it will be to decay.
E The more neutrons there are per proton, the less energy the atom will have and the less likely it will be to decay.

Which radioactive isotope is commonly used to date wooden artifacts?

A argon-38 (38Ar)
B carbon-14 (14C)
C potassium-40 (40K)
D uranium-238 (238U)

What is the difference between nuclear reactions and other chemical reactions?

A Most chemical reactions involve an exchange of electrons that leaves the nucleus unchanged. Nuclear reactions change the nucleus and alter the identity of an atom.
B Most chemical reactions can occur in nature. Nuclear reactions require C advanced technological intervention to make atomic nuclei unstable enough to react.
D Most chemical reactions involve light elements like carbon and oxygen. Nuclear reactions deal with elements whose nuclei hold many more neutrons, such as uranium.
E Most chemical reactions involve an exchange of electrons that alters the identity of a substance. Nuclear reactions only release energy, preserving the nucleus.

Examine the false statement.

Scientists can directly observe the half-life of all radioactive elements.

What option rewords the statement so that it is true?

Select all that apply.

A Scientists cannot directly observe or calculate the rate of nuclear decay for all radioactive elements.
B Scientists can directly observe the rate of nuclear decay for all radioactive elements.
C Scientists can calculate the rate of nuclear decay for all radioactive elements using half-life.
D Scientists can calculate the half-life of all radioactive elements using the rate of nuclear decay.

What describes the rate of a nuclear decay reaction?

A The reaction rate is fixed, so it cannot be increased or decreased.
B The reaction rate is fixed, but it can be altered by extreme temperatures.
C The reaction rate can be affected by the amount of reactant remaining.
D The reaction rate can be affected by temperature and pressure.

Which kind of nuclear decay does not alter the identity of the atom?

A fission
B beta
C alpha
D gamma