Xylem move nutrients in which direction
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Xylem is a type of plant tissue that conducts water and minerals from the roots to the other parts of the plant, such as the stem, leaves, and flowers. The movement of nutrients in xylem is primarily in an upward direction, from the roots towards the upper parts of the plant.
To understand how xylem moves nutrients upwards, we need to consider a process called transpiration. Transpiration is the loss of water through the tiny openings on the plant's leaves, known as stomata. When the stomata open to allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis, water vapor also escapes from the leaves.
As water is lost through transpiration, it creates a negative pressure, or tension, in the xylem vessels. This tension pulls water upwards from the roots to replace the lost water molecules. This process is known as the cohesion-tension theory.
Additionally, there is another force at play called capillary action. Capillary action is the upward movement of liquid through a narrow tube, such as the xylem vessels. It occurs due to the combined forces of adhesion and cohesion. Water molecules adhere to the walls of the xylem vessels, while they also stick to each other (cohesion). This cohesive and adhesive property of water enables it to move upwards against gravity through the capillary action.
Overall, the movement of nutrients in xylem is driven by the combination of transpiration, cohesion-tension theory, and capillary action, resulting in an upward flow of water and minerals from the roots towards other parts of the plant.