How does Meiosis increase genetic variation?

https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=Meiosis+and+genetic+variation&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8

Meiosis is a cellular process responsible for the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) in sexually reproducing organisms. It involves two rounds of cell division, resulting in the production of four haploid cells. Meiosis increases genetic variation through three main mechanisms: independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization.

1. Independent Assortment: During meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes align in the cell's equator and separate, resulting in the random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into different daughter cells. The different combinations of chromosomes lead to a greater variety of genetic possibilities in the resulting gametes.

2. Crossing Over: During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This occurs when chromatids from homologous chromosomes break and reconnect, resulting in an exchange of genetic information. Crossing over promotes genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes.

3. Random Fertilization: Once meiosis is complete, the resulting haploid gametes can fuse during fertilization to produce a new individual. The random selection of gametes from two different individuals increases genetic diversity by combining different sets of chromosomes and alleles.

Overall, each of these processes contributes to the generation of unique combinations of genetic material, increasing genetic variation in the offspring produced thual reproduction.