Give some examples of specific Greek temples and what material was used to make each. Explain what types of material changes were made in building Greek temples and what effect this has on the architectural world.

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Some examples of specific Greek temples and the materials used to make them are:

1. The Parthenon: Located in Athens, the Parthenon was built in the 5th century BCE and was dedicated to the goddess Athena. It was primarily constructed using Pentelic marble, which was abundant in the nearby Mount Pentelikon. The columns and sculptural elements were also made of marble.

2. The Temple of Zeus at Olympia: This temple, built around the 5th century BCE, was dedicated to the god Zeus and was constructed in the ancient city of Olympia. The temple was largely made of limestone, while the sculptural elements and decorations were created using Parian marble.

3. The Temple of Apollo at Delphi: Situated in Delphi, this temple was dedicated to the god Apollo and dates back to the 4th century BCE. The main material used for its construction was a local grey limestone, known as poros, which was readily available in the region.

The construction of Greek temples saw several material changes over time, which greatly influenced the architectural world. Initially, temples were built using local materials such as limestone, sandstone, and mud bricks. However, as trade networks expanded, especially during the Hellenistic period, the availability of different types of high-quality stones increased.

The introduction of marble as the primary building material was a significant development in Greek temple construction. Marble was more durable, had a smooth surface for intricate sculptural work, and provided a refined appearance. This allowed architects and sculptors to create more elaborate temple designs with intricate column capitals, friezes, and detailed sculptures.

The prevalence of marble as a building material in Greek temples also had a broader impact on the architectural world. The use of marble spread beyond Greece, influencing the construction styles of other civilizations and cultures. Roman temples, for example, heavily borrowed from Greek architectural forms and incorporated marble into their structures.

The introduction of marble and the refinement of temple designs set a precedent for architectural excellence and craftsmanship, inspiring future generations of architects and builders. The durability and beauty of Greek marble temples have ensured their preservation to this day, allowing us to study and appreciate their architectural achievements. This enduring impact continues to shape modern architectural practices, with Greek temple designs often serving as a source of inspiration for contemporary structures.