What mass of copper is produced when an excess of sodium is added to 5.0 g of copper sulfate?
To find the mass of copper produced when an excess of sodium is added to copper sulfate, we need to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction between copper sulfate (CuSO4) and sodium (Na).
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2 Na + CuSO4 → Na2SO4 + Cu
The equation tells us that 2 moles of sodium (Na) react with 1 mole of copper sulfate (CuSO4) to produce 1 mole of copper (Cu).
Now, let's calculate the number of moles of copper sulfate (CuSO4) in 5.0 g of it. We can use the molar mass of CuSO4 to convert grams to moles.
The molar mass of CuSO4 is:
Atomic mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol
Atomic mass of S = 32.07 g/mol
4 x Atomic mass of O = 4 x 16.00 g/mol = 64.00 g/mol
So, the molar mass of CuSO4 = 63.55 g/mol + 32.07 g/mol + 64.00 g/mol = 159.62 g/mol
Now, let's calculate the number of moles of CuSO4:
Moles of CuSO4 = Mass of CuSO4 / Molar mass of CuSO4
Moles of CuSO4 = 5.0 g / 159.62 g/mol
Now that we have the moles of CuSO4, we can determine the moles of copper (Cu) produced using the stoichiometry from the balanced equation.
From the balanced equation, we know that:
2 moles of Na react with 1 mole of Cu
Since an excess of sodium is added, we can assume that all the copper sulfate reacts completely.
According to the stoichiometry, 1 mole of CuSO4 produces 1 mole of Cu. Therefore, the moles of copper (Cu) produced is equal to the moles of copper sulfate (CuSO4) used.
Now, we can calculate the mass of copper (Cu) produced by multiplying the moles of copper (Cu) by its molar mass.
Moles of Cu = Moles of CuSO4
Mass of Cu = Moles of Cu x Molar mass of Cu
The molar mass of Cu is 63.55 g/mol.
So, to find the mass of copper produced, substitute the value of moles of Cu from the previous calculation into the formula, and multiply by the molar mass of Cu.
Mass of Cu = Moles of Cu x Molar mass of Cu
Finally, evaluate the expression to find the mass of copper produced.