A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size.
B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce by dividing, similar to bacteria.
Explain how these two options above are supported by Lynn Margulis SET as opposed to Taylor's theory of autogeny.
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Lynn Margulis was a biologist who proposed the endosymbiotic theory, which explains the origin of certain cell organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. According to Margulis, these organelles were once free-living bacteria that established a mutualistic relationship with eukaryotic host cells. This theory provides support for both options A and B mentioned in your question, as opposed to Taylor's theory of autogeny.
Option A states that mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size. This is supported by Margulis' endosymbiotic theory because she proposed that these organelles originated from bacteria, which were taken up by primitive eukaryotic cells. Over time, these bacteria became integrated within the host cells and evolved, but due to their bacterial origins, they retained a size similar to bacteria.
Option B states that mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce by dividing, similar to bacteria. This is also supported by Margulis' endosymbiotic theory. Bacteria reproduce through a process called binary fission, where they grow in size and then divide into two identical daughter cells. Similarly, mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce through a process called fission, where they grow and divide within the host cell. This resemblance in the reproduction process suggests a shared evolutionary history between these organelles and bacteria.
On the other hand, Taylor's theory of autogeny proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose as a result of independent evolutionary processes within eukaryotic cells. This theory suggests that these organelles were formed de novo within the host cells, rather than being derived from bacteria through endosymbiosis. However, the evidence and support for Taylor's theory of autogeny are not as substantial as Margulis' endosymbiotic theory, which is widely accepted in the scientific community.