The best way that science can answer the problem of the identity theory of materialism (which means chemical brain states = mental states…which seems to indicate chemicals can “feel” and “think”) is by saying:
I don't understand what this question is asking, can someone help me? The correct answer isn't behaviorism because that was disproven by science. Thanks for the help!
The question is asking how science can best address the problem of the identity theory of materialism, which suggests that mental states, such as thoughts and feelings, are identical to brain states. Specifically, the question is looking for an alternative explanation that goes beyond behaviorism, which is an older psychological theory that focuses solely on observable behavior and disregards internal mental processes.
To answer the question, science can approach this problem by exploring the field of neuroscience. Neuroscience aims to understand the relationship between brain activity and mental processes, including thoughts, emotions, and consciousness. By studying the intricate workings of the brain, scientists can identify patterns of brain activity that correspond to specific mental states.
One possible way to challenge the identity theory of materialism is to investigate the complexities of brain chemistry. While it is true that brain activity relies on chemical processes, this does not necessarily imply that chemicals themselves can "think" or "feel." Rather, chemicals are part of a larger system in the brain that gives rise to mental experiences. Scientists can explore the specific mechanisms and processes involved in generating mental states, including neurotransmission, neural circuits, and synaptic plasticity.
By examining these intricate processes, scientists can develop a more nuanced understanding of how brain activity corresponds to mental states. This may involve conducting experiments, collecting empirical data, and analyzing findings to build a comprehensive model of brain function and consciousness. Through this scientific approach, it is possible to challenge and refine the identity theory of materialism.
It is essential to note that the question assumes behaviorism has been disproven by science. While behaviorism may have limitations in explaining complex mental phenomena, it still holds validity in certain contexts, such as studying observable behaviors. However, for understanding the relationship between brain states and mental states, exploring the field of neuroscience is crucial.
Perhaps this will help:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-identity/