According to the rock cycle, which of the following transitions are possible? Assume an unlimited number of steps.
A. An intrusive igneous rock becomes a sedimentary rock.
B. A sedimentary rock becomes soil.
C. A metamorphic rock becomes an extrusive igneous rock.
D. All of the above are possible.
d.all of the above
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D.all of the above
D. All of the above are possible.
ALL OF above
To determine which transitions are possible according to the rock cycle, we need to understand the different types of rocks and their corresponding processes.
The rock cycle is a continuous process that describes how rocks are formed, transformed, and recycled over time. It involves three main rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
1. Igneous Rocks: These rocks are formed from the solidification of molten magma or lava. They can be either intrusive (formed beneath the Earth's surface) or extrusive (formed on or above the Earth's surface).
2. Sedimentary Rocks: These rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification (hardening) of sediments such as sand, clay, and organic matter. They are typically found in layers.
3. Metamorphic Rocks: These rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks due to high pressure, temperature, or chemical processes. As a result of these changes, the rocks develop new textures and mineral compositions.
Now, let's analyze each transition option:
A. An intrusive igneous rock becomes a sedimentary rock:
This transition is not possible according to the rock cycle. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed beneath the Earth's surface from cooling magma, while sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments that undergo lithification. These are two different processes with distinct rock types, so they do not directly transition from one to the other.
B. A sedimentary rock becomes soil:
This transition is possible. Over time, the weathering and erosion of sedimentary rocks can break them down into smaller particles, leading to the formation of soil. Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, water, and air, resulting from the breakdown of rocks through weathering and biological processes.
C. A metamorphic rock becomes an extrusive igneous rock:
This transition is possible. A metamorphic rock can undergo the process of melting or partial melting due to extreme pressure and heat, eventually becoming magma. If this magma is extruded onto the Earth's surface and cools down, it can crystallize and form an extrusive igneous rock.
D. All of the above are possible:
No, not all of the above transitions are possible according to the rock cycle. Option D is incorrect because, in the rock cycle, transitions can occur between certain rock types, but not between all types.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B. A sedimentary rock can become soil.