1. Which of the following statements is true about artificial selection?
A. Breeders can control which animals mate.
B. Breeders can control what mutations will appear in the offspring.
C. Both A and B are true.
D. Neither A nor B is true.
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of natural selection?
A. More offspring are born than will survive to reproduce.
B. Mutations appear randomly.
C. Breeding pairs are chosen by humans.
D. Organisms that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
3. A scientist used radiation to change the mutation rates of a population of bugs. He then measured how many generations it took for bugs with different mutation rates to adapt to a new background by natural selection. On the graph below, the x-axis represents the mutation rate, and the y-axis represents the number of generations it took for the bugs to reach an average fitness of 90%. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A. Adaptation occurred most quickly when the mutation rate was lowest.
B. Adaptation occurred more quickly as the mutation rate increased. However, this effect was relatively small for mutation rates above 1%.
C. Adaptation occurred twice as quickly when the mutation rate was 10% as when the mutation rate was 5%.
D. There is no relationship between the mutation rate and how quickly adaptation occurred.
4. Which elements of nature selection is described? Organisms with traits that enhance survival are more likely to reproduce and pass on beneficial traits to their offspring.
A. Selection
B. Adaptation
C. Variation
D. Inheritance
5. The four different finches that Charles Darwin studied in the Galapagos Islands. He observed that the beaks on these birds were very different. Which of the following best explains this difference in the bird beaks?
A. Birds change the shape of their beaks depending on the food available.
B. The beak shapes are an adaptation to the types of food found on each island.
C. Some birds need larger beaks as defense against predators
D. Younger birds have smaller beaks, and older birds have larger beaks.
6. Which of the following statements correctly describe selective breeding? Select all that apply.
A. Traits are inherited from parents
B. Desired traits are selected by humans
C. Process that occurs naturally
D. Organisms change their traits based on the environment
E. Results in a change in genetic traits of a species
7. Some farmers want to increase the size of the ears of corn produced by their corn plants. How can the famers use selective breeding to increase the size of the ears of corn?
A. By choosing plants that grow large ears of corn after using large amounts of fertilizer
B. By removing corn plants that grow small ears of corn
C. By choosing corn plants with large ears of corn
D. By increasing the number of corn plants that are planted in the field
My answers:
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A, B
7. A
(Also, for no. 3, I couldn't provide a picture of the graph so no worries if you can't help with that one!)
A scientist wishes to create a population of bugs to match a certain background. Which of the following bugs should be bred to create offspring that have the genotype shown below?
Bug and genotype
Four parent bugs and genotypes
A. A and B
B. A and D
C. C and B
D. C and D
7. there is a better answer.
worm
1. A. Breeders can control which animals mate. (But they can't control what mutations will appear in the offspring. Mutations occur randomly.)
2. C. Breeding pairs are chosen by humans. (Natural selection is driven by the environment, not human choices.)
3. B. Adaptation occurred more quickly as the mutation rate increased. However, this effect was relatively small for mutation rates above 1%. (Based on the given information, it can be inferred that higher mutation rates led to quicker adaptation, but the effect was not as significant above 1%.)
4. A. Selection (The process described is selection, where organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to reproduce.)
5. B. The beak shapes are an adaptation to the types of food found on each island. (Darwin observed that the different beak shapes of finches were adaptations to the available food sources on each island.)
6. A, B. Traits are inherited from parents, and desired traits are selected by humans. (Selective breeding involves choosing desired traits and breeding organisms with those traits.)
7. C. By choosing corn plants with large ears of corn. (Selective breeding involves choosing organisms with desired traits, in this case, corn plants with large ears of corn.)
1. The correct answer is C. Both statement A and statement B are true about artificial selection. In artificial selection, breeders have control over which animals mate, allowing them to selectively breed individuals with desired traits. Additionally, breeders can also control what mutations will appear in the offspring by selectively breeding individuals that carry specific mutated genes.
To arrive at this answer, you can eliminate options D (Neither A nor B is true) because both statements are true to some extent in artificial selection. Then, you can eliminate option A (only statement A is true) because breeders can not only control which animals mate but also what mutations will appear in the offspring. Finally, you are left with option C as the correct answer.
2. The correct answer is C. Breeding pairs are chosen by humans is not a characteristic of natural selection. In natural selection, the process occurs without human interference. Breeding pairs are not chosen by humans, but rather by the process of natural selection where individuals with traits better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation.
To arrive at this answer, you can consider the fact that natural selection is a non-human-driven process that occurs in nature. Option C states that breeding pairs are chosen by humans, which is not aligned with the concept of natural selection. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
3. Based on the information you provided, the correct answer is B. Adaptation occurred more quickly as the mutation rate increased. However, this effect was relatively small for mutation rates above 1%. Without the graph to refer to, it's difficult to provide a precise answer. However, based on the information provided, it suggests that increasing the mutation rate resulted in a faster adaptation process. However, this effect gradually diminished for mutation rates above 1%, suggesting that there may be diminishing returns in terms of adaptation speed as the mutation rate gets higher.
4. The correct answer is B. The described elements of natural selection involve traits that enhance survival being more likely to reproduce and pass on beneficial traits to their offspring. This concept is related to adaptation, where organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to future generations.
To arrive at this answer, consider the fact that the described elements involve traits that enhance survival being passed on to offspring. This process reflects adaptation, as organisms with beneficial traits adapt better to their environment, increasing their chances of survival and reproduction.
5. The correct answer is B. The difference in bird beaks observed by Charles Darwin is best explained by the beak shapes being an adaptation to the types of food found on each island. Darwin observed that different finch species had beak shapes that matched the specific food sources available on their respective islands. This adaptation allows each species to efficiently gather and consume the available food.
To arrive at this answer, consider that the best explanation for the observed difference in bird beaks is the concept of adaptation. Option B correctly states that the beak shapes are an adaptation to the types of food found on each island.
6. The correct statements about selective breeding are A (traits are inherited from parents) and B (desired traits are selected by humans). Selective breeding is a human-controlled process where individuals with desired traits are selectively bred to produce offspring that inherit those traits.
To arrive at this answer, consider the definition of selective breeding and the purpose of the process. Selective breeding aims to perpetuate specific traits that are desirable for humans. This involves choosing parents with the desired traits (inherited from parents) and deliberately selecting individuals for breeding based on those traits (selected by humans).
7. The correct answer is C. By choosing corn plants with large ears of corn, farmers can use selective breeding to increase the size of the ears of corn. In selective breeding, desirable traits are purposely selected and propagated through breeding. By choosing corn plants with large ears of corn as parents, the offspring are more likely to inherit and express the trait for large ear size.
To arrive at this answer, consider the process of selective breeding and its purpose. Selective breeding involves deliberately choosing parents with desirable traits, in this case, corn plants with large ears of corn, to produce offspring that have a higher likelihood of exhibiting those traits.