If 5 ml of sulphuric acid is diluted to 135 ml of water, what is the volume and concentration of sodium hydroxide to neutralize the solution?
You have two three unknowns here. Can't do the problem. You don't have the concentration of H2SO4 before dilution and your are asking for BOTH the volume and copncn of NaOH.
To determine the volume and concentration of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize the solution, we can use the concept of stoichiometry and the equation for the reaction between sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
First, let's calculate the number of moles of sulphuric acid using its concentration and volume:
Given that you have 5 ml of sulphuric acid, we need to determine the concentration of sulphuric acid in order to calculate the number of moles.
Let's assume the concentration of sulphuric acid is x M (Molarity). Therefore, the number of moles of sulphuric acid can be calculated using the formula:
Moles = Concentration * Volume (in liters)
Converting the volume from ml to liters:
Volume = 5 ml * (1 L / 1000 ml)
Volume = 0.005 L
Now we can calculate the moles of sulfuric acid:
Moles H2SO4 = x M * 0.005 L = 0.005x moles
According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of H2SO4 reacts with 2 moles of NaOH. Therefore, the number of moles of sodium hydroxide required to neutralize the solution will be:
Moles NaOH = 2 * Moles H2SO4
Moles NaOH = 2 * 0.005x
Now, let's calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide required in liters using its concentration and number of moles:
Given that the volume of the water in the solution is 135 ml, we can determine the total volume of the solution as follows:
Total volume = 5 ml (sulphuric acid) + 135 ml (water)
Total volume = 140 ml * (1 L / 1000 ml)
Total volume = 0.14 L
To calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), we can rearrange the moles equation:
Moles NaOH = Concentration NaOH * Volume NaOH (in liters)
Concentration NaOH = Moles NaOH / Volume NaOH
Concentration NaOH = (2 * 0.005x moles) / Volume NaOH
We need to equate the total volume to determine the volume of sodium hydroxide required:
Total volume = Volume NaOH + Volume H2O
0.14 L = Volume NaOH + 0.135 L (135 ml converted to liters)
Now we have both the volume and concentration of sodium hydroxide required to neutralize the solution.
To determine the exact values, you need to know the concentration of sulphuric acid in order to calculate the number of moles (0.005x) and subsequently derive the concentration and volume of sodium hydroxide.