The direction of an Electric Field is the direction

a negative test charge will move in the field
a positive test charge will move in the field
either a positive or a negative test charge will move in the field***
the test charge may be either negative or positive

The direction of an electric field is defined as the direction of the force on a
negative test charge
positive test charge***
either a positive or negative test charge

Adding resistors in series changes the total resistance of a circuit by

increasing the resistance
decreasing the resistance
it does not affect the resistance
decrease the resistance if the value of the resistor added is less than the greatest resistor in the ciruit

I am unsure about the first two questions, and I am confused by the third question. Please help, thanks

Sure, I can help you understand the concepts.

1. The direction of an electric field is the direction a positive test charge would move in the field. To understand this, we need to know that electric fields are created by electric charges. When a positive charge is placed in an electric field, it experiences a force in the direction of the field. Therefore, the direction of the field is defined as the direction a positive test charge would move.

2. The direction of an electric field is also the direction of the force on a negative test charge. This is because the force on a negative charge is opposite in direction to the force on a positive charge. Therefore, the direction of the electric field can also be determined by observing the motion of a negative test charge.

3. When resistors are added in series in a circuit, the total resistance increases. Resistance is a measure of how much a component restricts the flow of electrical current. In a series circuit, resistors are connected one after the other, so the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. Adding more resistors in series increases the total resistance.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.