What type of molecules can dissolve in polar liquids?
What type of molecules can dissolve in nonpolar liquids?
What type of liquid is water? (polar or nonpolar) show your calculations.
like disolves in like.
Water is a bent molecule, so the O end is negative. I am not certain what calculations you are going to show. If the molecule were linear, it would be non polar, because the differences in electronegativity (the attraction of electrons by the O atoms) would cancel out.
http://www.triangularwave.com/a1b1.htm
To determine what type of molecules can dissolve in polar or nonpolar liquids, you need to understand the concept of "like dissolves like."
Polar liquids dissolve polar molecules, meaning that they have a positive and negative charge distribution. Nonpolar liquids dissolve nonpolar molecules, which have an even charge distribution.
1. Polar liquids can dissolve molecules that have polar covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Examples of polar liquids include water (H2O) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH). These liquids can dissolve substances like salt (NaCl), sugar (C12H22O11), and vinegar (acetic acid, CH3COOH).
2. Nonpolar liquids dissolve molecules that have nonpolar covalent bonds. Examples of nonpolar liquids include hexane (C6H14) and gasoline. These liquids can dissolve substances like oil, fats, and hydrocarbons.
Now, let's move on to determining whether water (H2O) is a polar or nonpolar liquid:
To calculate the polarity of a molecule, we need to look at its molecular structure and the electronegativity difference between its atoms.
In the case of water (H2O), each hydrogen (H) atom forms a covalent bond with the oxygen (O) atom. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, meaning it has a greater ability to attract electrons towards itself.
This unequal sharing of electrons in the O-H bond creates a polar molecule. The oxygen atom becomes slightly negative, while the hydrogen atoms become slightly positive. Moreover, the molecule itself has a bent shape, which enhances the polarity.
We can also calculate the polarity using the electronegativity values of the elements. The electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.20, and that of oxygen is 3.44 (on the Pauling scale). The difference between these values is 3.44 - 2.20 = 1.24.
According to the Pauling scale, if the electronegativity difference is greater than 1.7, the bond is considered mostly ionic. If the value is between 0.5 and 1.7, the bond is considered polar covalent. In this case, the difference is 1.24, indicating a polar covalent bond.
Therefore, based on its molecular structure and electronegativity difference, water (H2O) is a polar liquid.
Remember, besides calculations, knowing the properties and characteristics of certain substances, such as water, can help determine their polarity.